Cacti thiab succulents yog cov nroj tsuag tsis xav tau, uas cuam tshuam rau kev xaiv ntawm substrate. Mineral thiab humus-cov av tsis zoo yog nyiam, tab sis muaj ntau qhov sib txawv hauv lawv cov muaj pes tsawg leeg. Mineral substrates kuj tuaj yeem sib xyaw koj tus kheej los tsim qhov chaw zoo tshaj plaws rau kev cog qoob loo rau cacti thiab succulents uas lawv tuaj yeem txhim kho tau zoo.
Cacti thiab succulents yog cov nroj tsuag uas tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev xyiv fab heev txawm rau tib neeg tsis muaj tus ntiv tes xoo ntsuab. Tus neeg twg uas twb tau saib ze dua ntawm cacti yuav pom sai sai tias lawv twb tau tso cai rau thaj chaw tsis tuaj yeem thiab tsis muaj menyuam hauv lawv lub tebchaws. Hauv lub tebchaws no, cacti thiab succulents muaj qhov xav tau qis thiab tseem xav tau cov av uas tsis muaj zaub mov ntau. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws substrate rau cacti yog li muaj ntau ntawm cov ntxhia pob zeb. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj ntau txoj hauv kev rau kev hloov pauv thaum xaiv cov khoom ntxhia hauv ib tus neeg, uas txhais tau hais tias cov substrates tuaj yeem sib xyaw rau cacti thiab succulents.
Cactus substrates - tsawg dua
Muaj nyob ib ncig ntawm 1,800 ntau hom cacti thoob ntiaj teb, ntxiv rau ntau txhiab ntau hom succulents. Txawm tias muaj ntau hom, muaj ib yam uas cov nroj tsuag no muaj nyob rau hauv ib qho - lawv nyiam rau cov chaw uas muaj cov tsis muaj as-ham-nplua nuj av. Lub substrate kuj yuav tsum tau tsim raws li, uas yuav tsum yog me ntsis acidic rau feem ntau cacti. Tus nqi pH ntawm 5.5 thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 7 yuav zoo tshaj. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau lub substrate kom muaj huab cua thiab dej permeability. Raws li nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, qhov twg cacti thiab succulents loj hlob nyob rau hauv pob zeb thiab gravelly av, tsis muaj waterlogging thiab ntau cov as-ham tuaj yeem ntws tawm. Qhov no kuj tseem ceeb heev rau kev loj hlob hauv cov lauj kaub, vim tias cacti thiab succulents khaws cia tam sim tom qab fertilization, uas feem ntau yog ua kua, thiab cov as-ham ntau dhau yuav ua rau ntau tshaj fertilization.
Unsuitable substrates
Kev lag luam potting av tsis haum rau cacti thiab succulents, vim nws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj zog loj hlob, tab sis kuj tuaj yeem ua rau rot. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub substrate yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj pH tus nqi ntawm xya, txwv tsis pub cov av yuav acidic heev, uas yuav tua cov cacti nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev. Yog tias koj tsis paub meej tias cov av muaj pes tsawg tus pH, koj tuaj yeem tau txais ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas los ntawm lub tsev muag tshuaj thiab txiav txim siab tus nqi pH ntawm koj tus kheej. Tsis yog txhua qhov ntxhia yog tsim rau cacti thiab tsis muaj xwm txheej yuav tsum siv cov xuab zeb. Qhov no muaj cov txiv qaub ntau dhau thiab tuaj yeem ua rau lub npe hu ua chlorosis. Qhov no inhibits qhov tsim ntawm chlorophyll, uas nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev ua rau kev tuag ntawm cacti thiab succulents.
Tip:
Lub substrate yuav tsum tau kho raws li cov ntsiab lus ntawm txiv qaub yog hais tias cov dej irrigation yog heev calcareous. Ntawm no koj yuav tsum tau them sai sai rau lub substrate nrog tsawg txiv qaub, raws li cov cacti tau muab cov txiv qaub los ntawm cov dej irrigation.
Aggregates
Cov npe ntawm cov substrates tau ntev, vim hais tias txawm tias tag nrho cov cacti thiab succulents nyiam cov ntxhia thiab cov zaub mov tsis zoo, cov hom succulent hauv tsev, piv txwv li, tuaj yeem zam qhov feem ntau ntawm humus dua, piv txwv li, succulents los ntawm Mexico.
Lavagrus
Lavagus yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas yuav tsum muaj cov nplej loj ntawm peb thiab xya millimeters. Nws muaj cov cuab yeej uas nws tuaj yeem khaws cov dej ntau, uas yog maj mam tso rov qab rau cov nroj tsuag.
Pumice gravel
Pumice gravel kuj yog cov keeb kwm volcanic thiab muaj me ntsis acidic pH nqi. Tsuas yog cov pob zeb zoo ntawm cov pob zeb pumice yuav tsum tau siv, vim tias cov xuab zeb zoo lossis hmoov av tuaj yeem ua rau cov substrate tsis tsim nyog.
Urgesteinsgrus
Ursteinsgrus muaj granite lossis gneiss thiab yog acidic me ntsis. Qhov kom zoo dua yog tias cov khoom no muaj feem ntau ntawm cov as-ham xws li poov tshuaj lossis hlau, uas maj mam tso tawm ntawm pob zeb thiab muab rau cacti thiab succulents.
Expanded Slate
Blähschierer yog qhov zoo tagnrho rau kev tsim cov kua dej hauv qab ntawm lub lauj kaub. Nws kuj ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg thiab tib lub sijhawm ua kom huab cua zoo thiab dej permeability.
Quartz xuab zeb/quartz gravel
Quartz xuab zeb los yog quartz gravel yog siv los loosen lub substrate thiab kuj siv tau los npog qhov chaw.
Diatomaceous earth
Diatomaceous ntiaj teb muaj pH nqi ntawm ib ncig ntawm 5.5 thiab maj mam tso cov as-ham tseem ceeb rau cacti thiab succulents. Nws tseem tuaj yeem khi cov dej noo zoo heev, uas tiv thaiv pwm los ntawm kev sib sau.
Ntxiv rau cov additives no, muaj lwm yam additives xws li av nplaum, perlite thiab ntau ntxiv uas ntxiv rau substrate. Thaum xaiv cov additives, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas cov ntaub ntawv siv yog cov uas tseem muaj nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws ntawm cacti thiab succulents.
Optimal mix
Yog tias koj muaj kev paub me ntsis nrog cacti, koj tuaj yeem nqa cov av npaj los ntawm lub khw tshwj xeeb thiab sib tov nrog cov khoom ntxiv. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm cov av cactus yuav tsum tsis txhob ntau tshaj 75% thiab qhov seem 25% tuaj yeem ntim nrog pumice gravel, piv txwv li, uas tuaj yeem khaws cov as-ham zoo. Yog tias koj twb muaj kev paub txog kev loj hlob cacti, koj tuaj yeem sib tov tag nrho cov substrate koj tus kheej, uas muaj peev xwm, piv txwv li, muaj ib feem me me ntawm humus uas muaj tsawg kawg yog peb xyoos. Txawm li cas los xij, rau sowing cacti thiab succulents, qhov kev faib ua feem ntawm humus yuav tsum loj me ntsis thiab coj mus txog 1/3. Cov seem muaj cov nplua nuj sieved ntxhia substrate uas yog tov nrog humus.
Tip:
Cov substrate ntawm cacti thiab succulents uas los ntawm wholesalers feem ntau tsis haum rau cov nroj tsuag nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntev. Yog li ntawd, cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum tau repotted sai sai nrog ib tug tshiab sib tov substrate kom, piv txwv li, waterlogging los yog tom ntej rotting cag tsis tshwm sim.
Ntuj nug nug tau
Yuav ua li cas cov substrate kho ua ntej sowing?
Ua ntej siv cov ntxhia substrate, nws yog moistened zoo thiab sterilized nyob rau hauv qhov cub rau 30 feeb ntawm ib ncig ntawm 150 ° C. Qhov no tua cov kab mob fungal, piv txwv li, uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov nroj tsuag puas. Cov av sterilized yog qhov tseem ceeb tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tseb, vim tias cov noob txawv teb chaws tuaj yeem tawg thiab tsis tsim nyog tshem tawm cov as-ham los ntawm cacti thiab succulents.
av nplaum lossis yas lauj kaub?
Cov kev xav txawv ntawm no nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, vim hais tias ob qho tib si muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo. Cov lauj kaub av nplaum txhawb cov evaporation sai dua, tab sis lawv tuaj yeem tawg tau sai thiab kim. Cov lauj kaub yas muaj qhov ruaj khov thiab pheej yig dua, tab sis xav tau cov kua dej zoo dua vim tias evaporation qeeb dua.
