Ticks yog cov yeeb ncuab ntxeev siab rau cov miv uas tuaj yeem txav mus los hauv lub vaj, teb thiab hav zoov. Cov kab me me lurk ua siab ntev thiab yuav luag tsis pom hauv cov nroj tsuag ze rau hauv av txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau roaming sab nraum zoov miv thiab noj mov rau lawv cov ntshav. Cov dej num tsis zoo ntawm cov kab mob ua rau cov lus nug tseem ceeb. Kuv tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kuv tus miv zoo li cas los ntawm zuam? Cov tsiaj nyaum puas tuaj yeem kis mus rau tib neeg? Puas muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv zuam rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj? Nyeem cov lus teb tau zoo thiab paub txog keeb kwm yav dhau los hauv phau ntawv qhia no.
Zaj yog dab tsi?
Ticks yog cov hom kab mob loj tshaj plaws thiab yog li cais ua arachnids. Tag nrho 900 hom uas paub txog hnub no coj lub neej raws li cov kab mob nqus ntshav, uas muaj tag nrho ntawm 19 hom zuam yog nyob rau hauv peb cheeb tsam. Kev ntshai thiab ntshai ntawm cov tswv miv feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm cov zuam ntoo (Ixodida) thiab cov zuam pom (Dermacentor). Lwm hom zuam ib txwm muaj tshwj xeeb rau cov dev, hedgehogs lossis noog thiab tsis tshua muaj kev phom sij rau miv. Cov yam ntxwv hauv qab no qhia tus zuam:
- Lub cev ntev: 2.5 mus rau 5 mm (qhov loj dua thaum saturated)
- Xim: tsaus xim av, tsaus grey los yog reddish
- 8 ceg, muab faib ua libs paub
- unwinged, feem ntau nrog ib tug recognizable chitin ntaub thaiv npog rau sab nraum qab
- poj niam zuam nrog stretchable exoskeleton
- Lub neej expectancy: 2 txog 3 xyoos
- zoo Frost tolerance
Qhov chaw uas nyiam tshaj yog cov nroj tsuag hauv av. Ticks tos siab ntev ntawm cov nyom, perennials thiab ntoo me kom txog thaum tus miv lossis tus tswv tsev zoo sib xws tuaj nrog. Contrary to nrov misconception, cov kab tsis dhia ntawm lawv cov neeg raug tsim txom los yog poob ntawm tsob ntoo. Hloov chaw, ntoo trestles thiab cov zoo li tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm ntawm lawv txoj haujlwm tos.
Tip:
Thov tsis txhob thab cov zuam hom ntoo zuam (Ixodes ricinus) nrog rau lub tsev zuam puas (Hylotrupes bajulus), tseem hu ua woodworm loj. Cov no yog ob hom kab kab sib txawv uas yuav tsum tau muaj kev sib txawv los tiv thaiv kev ntsuas thiab tswj.
Vim li cas kev tiv thaiv cov zuam tseem ceeb?
Ticks muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub qhov ncauj tsim los ua cov cuab yeej zoo tom thiab nqus. Lawv tho lub epidermis thiab siv lawv cov qaub ncaug los tso cov tshuaj tiv thaiv coagulant rau hauv cov ntshav, uas kuj ua raws li tshuaj loog hauv zos. Tus miv tom tsis pom qhov kev tawm tsam tam sim ntawd thiab yog li ntawd tsis siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv instinctive. Ua rau tuag taus, cov kab mob txaus ntshai nkag mus rau hauv cov hlab ntsha nrog lub zais zis. Cov miv uas raug mob yog muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev ua xua, kab mob, ntshav lom thiab kab mob loj xws li kab mob Lyme lossis meningoencephalitis (TBE). Cov txheej txheem nqus nws tus kheej tuaj yeem siv sijhawm ntau teev lossis ntau lub lis piam yog tias tus kab mob tsis cuam tshuam. Tsuas yog thaum tus zuam puv nws cov zaub mov nws poob rau hauv av.
Tip:
Ntiaj teb thiab cov tshuaj hauv tsev ncav cuag lawv cov kev txwv thaum nws los tiv thaiv tus miv ntawm zuam tom. Cov lus pom zoo kom rub citronella, lavender lossis tshuaj yej tsob ntoo roj rau hauv koj cov plaub hau yuav tsum poob rau ntawm pob ntseg lag ntseg. Thawj cov tshuaj yej tsob ntoo roj muaj tshuaj lom heev rau miv vim tias lawv metabolize cov roj yam tseem ceeb txawv dua li dev lossis lwm yam tsiaj muaj plaub.
Kev tiv thaiv dab tsi muaj?
Txoj xov zoo yog: Vim cov miv ib txwm tu lawv tus kheej tas li, cov zuam cunning hauv lawv lub tsho tsis muaj zog tsis tshua pom lub hom phiaj dua li cov dev. Lub velvet paw tsis yog tiv thaiv tag nrho rau vampires. Yog li yuav ua li cas? Koj tuaj yeem ua tib zoo tshuaj xyuas cov plaub hau tuab tom qab txhua qhov kev tawm mus sab nraud kom nkag los yog tom zuam. Qhov no tsis tau lees tias ib lossis ob yam me me yuav tsis plam los ntawm koj cov ntiv tes. Koj tsis tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv koj tus tsiaj koj hlub tiv thaiv zuam. Qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo tshaj plaws rau qhov teeb meem yog kev tiv thaiv kev tiv thaiv uas nips ib qho kab mob hauv lub paj. Ob txoj hauv kev los tiv thaiv zuam ntawm cov miv sab nraum zoov tau ua pov thawj tias muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev xyaum.
Spot-On Agent
Veterinary tshuaj yog hais txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tuaj yeem ua rau los yog rubbed raws li cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Cov kua los yog creamy npaj tau siv rau thaj tsam ntawm daim tawv nqaij uas koj tus miv tsis tuaj yeem ncav cuag thiab yog li tsis tuaj yeem yaim. Cov chaw thov pom zoo yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub xub pwg hniav lossis sab nraub qaum ntawm caj dab. Spot-on cov khoom uas tau raug pov thawj tias zoo muaj co toxins xws li fipronil. Cov khoom hauv qab no muaj pub dawb rau muag hauv Tebchaws Yelemees:
- Frontline(R) Spot on miv, pipette nrog 0.5 ml tov rau 2 lub lis piam ntawm tus nqi pib ntawm 15.99 euros rau 3 pipettes
- Bolfo Spot-on miv, pipette nrog 0.5 ml tshuaj kuj ua haujlwm tawm tsam dev mub ntawm tus nqi ntawm 14.99 rau 3 pipettes
- Lyra Pet(R) 5 x 1 ml IPERON Spot-On tiv thaiv zuam thiab hma rau tus nqi ntawm 13.38 euros
- bogadual(R) ANTI-PARASIT Spot-on Cream nrog Margosan thiab EBAAP ntawm tus nqi pib ntawm 14.99 euros rau 4 hlab
Zoo dab tshos
Yog li ntawd lub dab tshos zoo tiv thaiv koj cov miv tiv thaiv cov zuam, cov khoom hauv qab no muaj biocides xws li imidacloprid thiab flumethrin. Tshaj li 3 mus rau 4 lub hlis, cov khoom xyaw nquag tso tawm tsis tu ncua los tua cov zuam.
- bogacare(R) ANTI-PARASITE dab tshos rau 3 lub hlis ntawm tus nqi ntawm 3.99 euros ib thooj
- beapar zuam thiab hma tiv thaiv dab tshos rau 4 lub hlis ntawm tus nqi ntawm 6.98 euros ib thooj (35 cm ntev)
- Ardap zuam/flea tiv thaiv dab tshos rau miv rau 4 lub hlis ntawm tus nqi ntawm 10.25 euros txhua
Thaum yuav khoom, thov nco ntsoov tias nws yog tus kheej tso dab tshos. Cov hlua no muaj qhov taw qhia ua ntej thiab tso tus miv yog tias nws tau tangled ntawm nws qhov kev sib tw.
Natural tshuaj tsis ua haujlwm
Ntuj kho mob ncav cuag lawv cov kev txwv thaum nws los tiv thaiv zuam. Hauv xyoo 2017, Stiftung Warentest tau txiav txim siab hauv chav kuaj nrog cov kev xeem uas tsuas yog cov khoom siv biocidal tuaj yeem tiv thaiv tib neeg los ntawm zuam. Nyob rau hauv tib lub xyoo, Lub Koom Haum rau Cov Neeg Siv Khoom Siv Xov Xwm (VKI) - Austrian counterpart - pom tias qhov chaw no tuaj yeem hloov pauv mus rau zuam tiv thaiv miv. 20 cov khoom lag luam thiab cov dab tshos raug kuaj xyuas, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov miv. Ntawm cov no, 12 cov khoom lag luam nrog cov khoom xyaw organic tsuas yog ua raws li cov tshuaj tua kab mob. Lwm 8 yam khoom raug cais raws li biocides thiab tua cov cab raws li cov tshuaj lom.
Qhov tshwm sim yog sobering rau cov kiv cua ntawm ntuj kho. Tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv organic ua tsis tau qhov kev sim. Txhim khu kev ua tau zoo tsuas yog tuaj yeem lees paub rau cov kev npaj uas muaj cov kab mob paj hlwb. Nyob rau hauv lub teb chaws Yelemees, cov biocides tiv thaiv zuam no muaj nyob rau hauv lub txee, whereas nyob rau hauv Austria lawv xav tau ib tug tshuaj.
Tip:
Txhua yam khoom tiv thaiv zuam rau dev tsis haum rau miv. Cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm kev npaj ua rau muaj kev phom sij rau lub neej hauv cov kab mob miv. Thov nco ntsoov siv zuam tiv thaiv uas tsim nyog rau miv.
Puas yog lawv hloov mus rau tib neeg?
Cov lus nug no tuaj yeem teb tau meej meej. Kev kho zuam zoo tshaj plaws tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv 100 feem pua. Yog li nws tsis tuaj yeem txiav txim siab kom paub tseeb tias koj tus miv yuav raug siv los ua tus zuam tsheb tavxij thiab tsis tuaj yeem thauj tus rabble mus rau hauv tsev. Qhov tseeb, cov poj niam qee zaum siv sijhawm ntau teev ua ntej txiav txim siab ntawm daim tawv nqaij. Txog thaum ntawd, cov kab tsuag tseem nyob twj ywm, me me thiab nrhiav tau yooj yim. Veterinarians yog li pom zoo kom kuaj xyuas cov tsiaj sab nraum zoov kom muaj kab mob txhua zaus lawv rov qab los. Muaj kev pheej hmoo uas koj yuav txhuam tus zuam yam tsis tau pom nws. Cov kab mob tuaj yeem ua siab tawv siv txawm tias yooj yim stroking ua kev txais tos hloov chaw rau koj lossis koj cov menyuam. Rau woodbuck tshwj xeeb, nws tsis muaj teeb meem txawm tias nws tau txais nws cov ntshav noj los ntawm tib neeg lossis tsiaj tus tswv.
Thaum twg txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv zuam raug pom zoo?
Qhov muaj peev xwm kis tau tus zuam rau tib neeg ua rau muaj lus nug seb koj lossis koj tsev neeg puas tuaj yeem txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tawm tsam cov kab mob parasites tseem tsis tau tsim. Tsawg kawg yog muaj peev xwm txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningoencephalitis - TBE luv luv. Thaum peb tham txog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv zuam, peb txhais tau tias kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Ntau qhov kev tshawb fawb tau mob siab rau kev kho mob uas tsis muaj cov txiaj ntsig zoo. Thaum cov tsos mob xws li ua npaws thiab mob tshwm sim, cov kws kho mob tsuas tuaj yeem txo qhov kev txom nyem. Koj tsev neeg kws kho mob tsis muab tshuaj tiv thaiv rau lwm yam kab mob uas kis tau los ntawm zuam, xws li kab mob Lyme.
Tsis yog txhua tus zuam tsis nrov raws li tus neeg nqa khoom ntawm TBE. Txhua qhov tseeb tuaj yeem muab rau ntawm lub sijhawm no rau cov neeg nyob hauv sab qaum teb lub teb chaws Yelemees, vim tias tsis muaj cov neeg mob los yws txog cov chaw no txog tam sim no. Nyob rau yav qab teb lub teb chaws Yelemees, Austria thiab Switzerland, txawm li cas los xij, txog li 50 feem pua ntawm cov zuam nqa tus kab mob txaus ntshai. Lub Tsev Haujlwm Saib Xyuas Tshuaj Tiv Thaiv Sawv Cev (STIKO) hauv Tebchaws Yelemees, koom tes nrog Robert Koch Lub Tsev Haujlwm, tshaj tawm cov ntawv tshaj tawm txhua xyoo nrog cov lus pom zoo nyob rau thaj tsam twg txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv zuam ua rau muaj kev nkag siab. Xyoo 2019, tsoomfwv cov xeev hauv qab no raug suav tias yog thaj chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo rau TBE:
- Baden-Württemberg
- Bavaria
- Hesse
- Rhineland-Palatinate
- Saarland
- Saxony
- Thuringia
Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv ib puag ncig nrog ob koob tshuaj tiv thaiv 4 lub lis piam sib nrug yog pom zoo, nyob rau lub sijhawm zoo ua ntej pib lub caij zuam, uas txuas ntxiv txij lub Plaub Hlis mus txog Kaum Ib Hlis. Kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv zuam thib peb yog muab tom qab 9 txog 12 lub hlis. Tom qab 3 xyoos, ib qho kev hloov tshiab thawj zaug tau pom zoo rau kev tiv thaiv tsis cuam tshuam nrog zuam. Raws li Robert Koch Bulletin, dhau ntawm thaj chaw muaj kev pheej hmoo, txhua tus neeg uas niaj hnub taug kev hauv hav zoov thiab chaw ua haujlwm, xws li cov neeg ua haujlwm hav zoov lossis cov neeg ua liaj ua teb, yuav tsum tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb
Cov kws tshaj lij pom zoo kom koj thiab koj tsev neeg txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob meningoencephalitis txawm tias koj tab tom npaj mus so hauv thaj chaw uas muaj kev pheej hmoo hais saum toj no xws li Austria, Hungary lossis Switzerland. Cov tebchaws no tau suav hais tias yog thaj chaw muaj kabmob kis rau TBE. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum nco ntsoov tias koj nrog koj tus kws kho mob tham txog kev txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv zuam ua ntej tus zuam tom, vim tias tsis muaj tshuaj tiv thaiv tom qab.
