Concrete yog suav tias yog grey, loj thiab yooj yim unattractive. Tab sis nws tsis tas yuav zoo li no. Thaum cov thev naus laus zis niaj hnub ua rau ntau cov ntaub ntawv organic thiab slimming pob zeb, koj tuaj yeem siv txoj hauv kev sib txawv txawm rau koj cov haujlwm ntiag tug: Yuav ua li cas rau lwm txoj hauv kev dreary grey? Peb piav qhia txog cov txheej txheem twg thiab cov kauj ruam ua haujlwm uas koj tuaj yeem siv los ua cov pob zeb tshwj xeeb.
Vim li cas grey?
Vim li cas koj thiaj tseem xav txog kev pleev xim koj tus kheej? Cov tuam ntxhab tsis tuaj yeem ua qhov no ncaj qha? Nws tsis tas yuav tsum yog grey. Zoo, nws tsis tas yuav yog grey, tab sis tshwj tsis yog tias koj ua ib qho kev siv zog ntxiv, cov xim no yog thiab yuav nco ntsoov tseg rau pob zeb. Yog vim li cas yog cov khoom tseem ceeb tshaj plaws hauv pob zeb: cement. Ntxiv nrog rau ob peb lwm yam khoom ntxiv, nws feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm limestone thiab av nplaum, uas tshwm sim ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm kev sib tov feem ntau hu ua "marl". Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos raug hlawv ntawm yuav luag 1,500 degrees Celsius saum toj no hu ua sintering txwv thiab tom qab ntawd hauv av rau hauv cov hmoov uas paub. Ob qho tib si raw cov ntaub ntawv lawv tus kheej thiab cov txheej txheem tua ua rau cov neeg paub, xim tsis zoo.
Yuav ua li cas hloov xim pob zeb?
Ntau lub tuam txhab kuj tau lees paub tias cov xim ntxiv ua rau muaj ntau haiv neeg thiab ua kom muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov neeg uas xav kom tsis txhob muaj cov xim grey. Rau qhov ntau ntawm cov pob zeb, xws li thaum tsim lub tsev, koj yuav tsum tso cov xim rau cov kws tshaj lij. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj xav tau cov pob zeb me me rau cov phab ntsa vaj tsev, cov chaw cog khoom lossis cov khoom siv tes ua haujlwm, koj tuaj yeem tsim cov xim uas koj xav tau siv cov lus piav qhia hauv qab no. Txawm li cas los xij ntawm txoj kev xaiv, ntau yam tshuaj ntxiv rau hauv pob zeb thiab yog li ua tiav ib qho los ntawm cov xim. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau cov xim los yog coatings, cov xim yog tam sim no nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov khoom thiab tseem nyob zoo txawm tias qhov chaw yog abraded los yog puas.
Kev txiav txim siab ua ntej
Ua ntej xim muaj ob peb yam koj yuav tsum paub txog:
1. Xim pib
Vim cov cement yog grey lawm, nws nyuaj heev kom ua tiav cov xim ci. Yog tias koj xav tau xim lub teeb, koj yuav tsum siv cov cement dawb rau koj cov pob zeb. Txawm hais tias qhov no tsis yog ib txwm dawb huv, nws yog qhov sib zog dua li cov neeg paub grey. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog qhov qis heev ntawm cov hlau oxides tsaus nti.
2. Aggregates
Sand lossis gravel feem ntau yog siv los ua cov pob zeb sib xyaw. Tau kawg, cov no tsis tuaj yeem raug xim los ntawm thiab yuav pom nyob rau tom qab pob zeb ua tsis muaj xim. Thaum cov xuab zeb tsuas yog tshwm sim raws li lub teeb ci ntawm cov xim, nrog cov pob zeb, txhua lub pob zeb uas tau ua rau lub pob zeb nto tuaj yeem pom nyob rau lub sijhawm raws li daim ntaub nyias nyias ntawm cov cement flakes tawm. Cov nyhuv no tuaj yeem siv tau tshwj xeeb, tab sis yog tias tsis coj mus rau hauv tus account tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau qhov tshwm sim.
3. Tus nqi ntawm cov xim
Txawm hais tias cov xim tau piav qhia tom qab, lub pob zeb muaj peev xwm nqus cov dyes yog txwv. Raws li txoj cai, yog tias cov cement ntau dua li tsib feem pua, tsis muaj kev hloov pauv lossis qhov hnyav ntawm cov xim ntxiv lawm. Yog li ntawd, lub pob zeb yog saturated. Yog tias cov xim sib dua yuav tsum tau ua tiav, qhov kev faib ua feem tuaj yeem raug txo, kom cov xim sib txawv ntawm ob thiab qhov kawg ntawm qhov txwv ntawm tsib feem pua feem ntau siv.
4. Efflorescence
Tag nrho cov pob zeb tso tawm qee cov ntsev thiab lwm cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke rau ntawm nws lub sijhawm. Qhov no yog hu ua blooming. Qhov no feem ntau lub teeb rau dawb txheej ua rau lub ntuj grey thiab ntxiv xim kom pom ci dua. Cov efflorescence tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm nrog dej siab lossis xuab zeb, tab sis nws tuaj yeem rov ua dua. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, pob zeb uas pib pom tob tob yuav, feem ntau, nws thiaj li muab txoj hauv kev rau anthracite lossis txawm tias tsaus dub-grey.
Kev ua
Cov xim ntxiv rau cov pob zeb yog ib txwm ua tiav tib yam, tsis hais hom xim:
- Txhim kho qhov ntim qhov xav tau
- Txiav txim siab npaum li cas ntawm cov cement rau lub pob zeb ntim raws li cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia, noj aggregates (xuab zeb, gravel) rau hauv tus account
- Ntev cov xim raws li cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia txog tus nqi ntawm cov cement
- Yog tias muaj, siv cov chaw tsim khoom daim ntawv xim los txiav txim cov xim rau cov cement piv
- Sib tov cov xim thiab cov cement kom qhuav kom tsis txhob pleev xim tom qab
- Tsim thiab txheej txheem ua vaj tse nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ib txwm los ntawm cov xim-cement sib tov, dej thiab aggregates
TSHIAB:
Hnav tsom iav kev nyab xeeb thiab lub ntsej muag plua plav yog pom zoo tsis yog tsuas yog rau cov xim zoo nkauj xwb, tab sis kuj rau kev tuav cov cement phem. Cov khoom zoo tshaj plaws tuaj yeem nkag mus rau hauv txoj hlab pa lossis qhov muag thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj mus tas li.
Common pigments
Muaj cov xim sib txawv uas tuaj yeem siv los ua xim pob zeb. Ntawm no koj yuav pom cov feem ntau siv thiab siv tau.
Professional Pigments
Ntau lub tuam txhab niaj hnub no muab cov xim pleev xim rau xim pob zeb. Cov xim palette yog tas li nce thiab tam sim no suav nrog tag nrho cov xim tseem ceeb. Qhov gradation ntawm cov xim xim, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog tswj los ntawm cov xim ntxiv.
Bas alt
Cov xim ntawm tib lub npe, hauv av los ntawm pob zeb bas alt, muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv kos duab. Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv nws daim ntawv ntshiab lub pob zeb hmoov feem ntau tshwm grey rau txiv ntseej ntsuab, hauv pob zeb nws ua rau cov xim dub muaj zog. Nyob ntawm seb qhov ntau npaum li cas, cov xim xws li anthracite mus rau ntau qhov ntxoov grey kuj tuaj yeem ua tiav.
Copper Oxide
Cov tooj liab oxide, tseem hu ua horticulture li tshuaj tua kab, tuaj yeem siv los ua cov xim. Nyob ntawm cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, nws feem ntau tsim ntsuab, tsis tshua muaj xim ntsuab-xim av.
Iron oxide
Ib yam li hlau hloov tib neeg cov ntshav liab, nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hlau oxide nws muaj peev xwm xim pob zeb hauv ocher rau xim av-liab tones. Nws muaj los ntawm cov khw muag khoom kos duab nrog rau ntau cov khoom siv tes ua lossis cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg.
ATTENTION
Koj feem ntau nyeem txog cov xim pob zeb tsaus rau xim dub los ntawm kev ntxiv cov hmoov tshauv lossis charcoal hmoov. Txawm hais tias darkening tiav nyob rau hauv txoj kev no, cov tshuaj no yog cov organic tebchaw, yog li tsis muaj lawv cov durability thiab cov nyhuv yuav tsum tau guaranteed. Lub durability ntawm cov pob zeb nws tus kheej kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam los ntawm kev ntxiv cov organic rau nws cov ntxhia hauv cov ntxhia. Nyob rau lub sijhawm no, peb tawm tswv yim tiv thaiv kev siv hluav taws xob los yog soot rau xim pob zeb!
Special case of oil shale cement
Yog tias koj tab tom tsom rau xim liab-xim av, koj tuaj yeem siv cov cement tshwj xeeb, hu ua roj shale cement, es tsis txhob ntxiv pigments. Es tsis txhob ntawm marl ib txwm, qhov no yog tsim los ntawm cov roj shale, thaum kawg yog ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm av nplaum thiab limestone. Nws tsim cov xim liab-xim av ntawm nws tus kheej tab sis kim dua li cov cement raws li tus nqi. Ntawm no nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb los ntsuas qhov kev xaiv pheej yig dua ua ntej yuav - roj shale cement lossis cov cement ib txwm nrog cov xim.
Coloring nrog additives - lwm txoj
Siv cov xim ntawm cov cement thiab yog li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov pob zeb, muaj lwm txoj hauv kev los cuam tshuam cov xim. Niaj hnub no muaj ntau hom pob zeb thiab pob zeb sib txawv ntawm cov xim sib txawv. Qhov kev tsim nyog ntawm cov hom pob zeb no tsis tshua muaj txiaj ntsig, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov pob zeb uas muaj kev ntxhov siab tsawg, xws li hauv thaj tsam ntawm horticulture. Hloov chaw, xaiv cov xim muaj zog, khaus khaus tuaj yeem tsim qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov grey ntawm cov pob zeb. Yuav ua li cas hais txog, piv txwv li, sib sib zog nqus dub los yog dawb huv gravel nyob rau hauv lub grey ntawm cov cement? Thaum cov xim tuaj yeem sib txawv yooj yim nyob ze, tib neeg lub qhov muag sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm qhov deb thiab ua tiav ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm ob xim.
Pigmented glazes
Thaum kawg, qhov muaj peev xwm ntawm cov xim pob zeb uas twb muaj lawm siv glazes uas muaj xim yuav tsum tau tham luv luv ntawm no. Cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm cov khoom no cia siab rau qhov tseeb tias cov pigments nkag mus rau hauv qhov tob ntawm cov khoom siv vim qhov nqus cov nyhuv ntawm cov pob zeb ua pob zeb thiab yog li ua tau xim cov pob zeb. Txawm li cas los xij, txij li qhov kev nkag mus tob yog qhov txwv tsis pub dhau, kev soj ntsuam mus sij hawm ntev qhia tau tias qhov no yog qhov kawg ntawm cov txheej txheej ruaj khov, uas nyob rau hauv qhov tseeb tsis yog ib qho ntawm cov kev xaiv rau xim pob zeb.
