Cov lus tseem ceeb ntawm architecture niaj hnub no muaj ntau haiv neeg ntau dua li yav tas los. Ntxiv nrog rau cov qauv tsim, kev kawm txuj ci thiab kev tsim qauv tshiab txuas ntxiv tsim cov ntsiab lus tshiab lossis rov txhais cov ntaub ntawv paub. Tsis muaj qhov no tshwm sim ntau dua li thaum nws los txog rau lub ru tsev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus nram qab no koj yuav pom ntau yam archetypes, tab sis kuj muaj cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov feem ntau txhais thiab qee zaum loj tshaj plaws ntawm lub tsev.
Gable roof
Nyob hauv ntau qhov chaw ntawm lub teb chaws Yelemees thiab lub ntiaj teb no, lub ru tsev gable raug suav hais tias yog lub ru tsev tsim uas tau siv rau ntau pua xyoo. Tsim los ntawm ob feem ntau zoo tib yam ru tsev nto uas sib ntsib nyob rau hauv ib tug nruam ridge, nws muab lub tsev ib tug meej kev taw qhia. Nws yog qhia nyob rau hauv ob opposite, daim duab peb sab gable sab thiab ob feem ntau ntev dua nyob rau hauv uas lub ru tsev nto khiav upwards ntawm lub ridge thiab yog li feem ntau yog qhov chaw ntawm lub tsev.
Chaw
feem ntau yog tib yam inclination ntawm ob lub ru tsev nto, ru tsev inclination tsis tshua muaj tsawg tshaj li 10 degrees, feem ntau yog los ntawm 15 degrees mus txog 60 degrees thiab ntau dua
Construction
xws li lub ru tsev rafter, nyob rau hauv uas tawm tsam rafters txhawb ib leeg, los yog raws li ib tug purlin ru tsev, nyob rau hauv uas cov rafters so ntawm ib tug txhawb substructure ua los ntawm kab rov tav ntoo
Cover
classically bricks los yog pob zeb ru tsev vuas, yav tas los feem ntau slate los yog ntoo shingles, niaj hnub no daim ntawv hlau los yog greenery kuj ua tau
Special features
Ntau yam zoo heev ntawm txoj kev xav, lub ru tsev npog thiab ntxiv ntawm lub ru tsev qhov rais, dormers thiab lwm yam qauv, ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj lossis vim muaj kev siv tshwj xeeb, lawv kuj tuaj yeem pom asymmetrically nrog qhov chaw tawm sab nraud lossis qhov sib txawv eaves heights
Cross roof
Qhov tseeb, lub ru tsev ntoo khaub lig tsis yog ib lub ru tsev, tab sis yog ob lub ru tsev gable uas hla thiab sib tshooj ntawm txoj cai kaum. Lub tsev nrog lub ru tsev ntoo kuj muaj qhov pom kev pom, tab sis cov kev taw qhia tseem ceeb tsuas yog muab yog tias ib lub ru tsev gable dominates. Nrog vaj huam sib luag, plaub qhov sib npaug gable sab kawg yog tsim.
Chaw
feem ntau symmetrical tsim ntawm tus kheej lub ru tsev, tab sis deviations inclination, loj thiab ridge/eave heights yog ua tau
Construction
feem ntau yog lub ru tsev purlin, rafter ru tsev siv tau tsuas yog siv rau qhov txwv, vim cov rafters tsis tuaj yeem txhawb nqa ib leeg hauv thaj tsam kev sib tshuam
Cover
zoo li gable ru tsev, feem ntau cib lossis pob zeb vov vuas
Special features
lub ru tsev zoo ib yam nyob rau hauv cov tsev teev ntuj medieval, feem ntau muaj lub ru tsev tseem ceeb thiab ib tug subordinate transverse qauv
Diaphragm
Lub ru tsev diaphragm tsis yog lub ru tsev ywj pheej ntawm tag nrho lub tsev, tab sis tsuas yog lub ru tsev ntawm cov qauv saum toj ntawm lwm lub ru tsev, piv txwv li lub dormer lossis gable. Cov duab ntawm lub ru tsev me me no, ua kom pom tseeb ntawm lub ru tsev tuaj yeem muaj ntau lub ru tsev tau piav qhia ntawm no, piv txwv li lub ru tsev gable, lean-rau ru lossis txawm lub ru tsev tiaj tus. Lub ru tsev chim lossis lub ru tsev hipped tsis tshua muaj.
Construction
feem ntau yog muab lub ntsiab ru tsev
Cover
tsis muaj kev txwv, feem ntau yoog rau lub ru tsev loj, tab sis niaj hnub no feem ntau yog cov ntawv ci ru tsev, nrog cov ntawv hlau npog lossis nrog cov ntoo ntsuab
Special features
feem ntau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm lub ru tsev diaphragm thiab sab qauv ntawm lub ru tsev ntoo khaub lig
Roof-tsuas tsev
Txawm lub tsev tsuas yog lub ru tsev xwb yeej tsis muaj lub ru tsev ywj siab. Koj feem ntau siv lub ru tsev classic gable. Lub ntsiab feature yog hais tias sab phab ntsa nyob rau hauv lub ru tsev yog kiag li ploj lawm los yog txo mus rau ib tug structurally tsim nyog yam tsawg kawg nkaus. Tag nrho cov kev siv yog nyob ib ncig ntawm lub ru tsev qhov chaw, thaum visually tsuas yog cov phab ntsa gable nyob. Classically, lub ru tsev zoo nkauj nrog inclinations ntawm 45 degrees thiab ntau dua yog xaiv los ua kom zoo dua qhov chaw nyob hauv lub ru tsev ntau li ntau tau.
Hipped roof
Lub ru tsev hipped, uas feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv keeb kwm cov ntsiab lus, muaj cov qauv gable ru tsev, nrog ntxiv, sloping ru nto qhov chaw ntawm lub sab nrauv phab ntsa uas txwv tsis pub mus rau upwards nyob rau hauv lub gable.
Chaw
Lub ru tsev loj pom meej meej, thaj chaw hipped kom meej meej subordinated, nruam eaves qhov siab ntawm thaj chaw hipped thiab lub ru tsev loj
Construction
feem ntau yog lub ru tsev purlin nrog kev txhawb nqa substructure, vim tias lub ru tsev txhawb nqa tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem ua rau thaj tsam ntawm thaj chaw hipped
Cover
classically shingles, slate los yog bricks, tab sis technically tag nrho cov gable ru tsev npog yog ua tau
Special features
Lub ru tsev zoo nyob rau hauv keeb kwm kev ua haujlwm vaj tse nyob rau sab qab teb lub teb chaws Yelemees, qhov zoo ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nraud vim qhov tsis muaj gables
Hipped roof
Ib tug subtype ntawm lub ru tsev hipped yog ib nrab-hipped ru. Nws sawv cev rau ib daim ntawv nruab nrab ntawm daim ntawv gable ru tsev thiab daim ntawv hipped ru tsev, nyob rau hauv uas lub hipped nto tsis rub mus rau lub eaves ntawm lub ntsiab ru tsev. Tseem tshuav gables txiav tawm ntawm sab saum toj thiab txwv los ntawm cheeb tsam crooked.
Chaw
pronounced lub ru tsev pom, muaj zog subordination ntawm cov cheeb tsam hipped
Construction
tsuas yog ua tau nrog kev txhawb nqa substructure nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm purlins, dag lossis sawv rooj zaum, thiab lwm yam.
Cover
see hipped roof
Special features
Feem ntau lub ru tsev zoo li ib txwm Black Forest ua liaj ua teb, feem ntau nrog balconies dai nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam hipped
hip roof
Lub ru tsev rov qab ib nrab hipped yog lub ru tsev hu ua ko taw-hipped. Ntawm no tsuas yog "ko taw" ntawm lub ru tsev yog muab nrog hipped nto. Sab saum toj gable daim duab peb sab, txawm li cas los xij, tseem pom saum toj ntawm qhov chaw hipped nrog kab rov tav sab saud. Lub ru tsev zoo li no tseem tuaj yeem ua ke nrog lub ru tsev mansard hipped tau piav qhia hauv qab no, yog li cov chaw hipped khiav hauv thaj tsam ntawm qis dua, lub ru tsev sab saud, tab sis sab sauv ib nrab ntawm lub ru tsev muaj qhov pom tseeb gable tsim.
Tent roof
Txawm hais tias nws pib zoo li lub ru tsev hipped heev, lub tsev pheebsuab lub ru tsev sawv cev rau tus cwj pwm txawv heev uas txawv ntawm lub ru tsev gable. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau nws, nws yog tsim los ntawm plaub qhov sib npaug ntawm lub ru tsev nto teem perpendicular rau ib leeg, uas sib ntsib ntawm ib tug ridge point.
Chaw
vaj huam sib luag ru tsev nrog tib inclination thiab zoo tib yam eaves qhov siab ntawm tag nrho cov sab, tsis muaj orientation ntawm ib tug nyiam ru tsev sab, pom nyob rau hauv nws cov ntshiab daim ntawv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov ntsiab lus tsev nrog ib tug square lossis polygonal pem teb txoj kev npaj, ru tsev inclinations tau raws li nrog gable ru tsev variants
Construction
feem ntau nrog kev txhawb nqa lub hauv paus purlin lossis lub hauv paus ridge sawv ntsug, kev txhawb nqa tus kheej rafter tsis tuaj yeem ua tsis tau vim tsis muaj kev tawm tsam ntawm cov rafters
Cover
Txoj kev txwv tsuas yog vim xaiv lub ru tsev suab
Special features
feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv yuav luag square vaj tse nrog ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus ridge, ces ua tau ib tug heev daim ntawv ntawm hipped ru tsev, tab sis feem ntau hu ua lub tsev pheebsuab ru tsev vim nws qhov pom kev sib thooj
Mansard roof
Yog tias koj yuav tsum piav qhia lub tswv yim tom qab lub ru tsev mansard, qhov ze tshaj plaws yuav tsum tau piav qhia txog lub ru tsev gable, uas lub ru tsev saum npoo tau khoov sab nraud kom nce qhov ntim. Thaum kawg, qhov no tsim ib lub ru tsev ob sab. Lub cheeb tsam sab saud yog tsim los ntawm lub ru tsev flatter gable. Nyob rau hauv cov kev taw qhia ntawm lub eaves, steeper nto adjoining lub ru tsev nto. Ib qho yuav luag tag nrho hauv pem teb yog feem ntau ua tiav nyob rau hauv steeper ib feem ntawm lub ru tsev. Thaj chaw mansard no tuaj yeem muaj ntau qhov rais.
Chaw
lub ru tsev ncaj nrog lub ntsiab kev taw qhia thiab ridge, symmetrical qauv, sab hauv lub ru tsev cheeb tsam nrog siab inclination tshaj lub ru tsev ncov, sab ru tsev cheeb tsam nrog siab inclination mus txog yuav luag 90 degrees, cheeb tsam sab sauv ho flatter, zoo ib yam li ib txwm ridge ru,
Construction
Vim yog ob feem rafters, nws yuav tsum tau muaj ib tug load-bearing substructure, feem ntau raws li ib tug purlin ru tsev ntawm load-bearing sab hauv phab ntsa
Cover
Uniform npog ntawm sab hauv thiab sab saud, feem ntau cov vuas, tab sis kuj slate thiab cov ntawv hlau.
Special features
ru tsev zoo nkauj heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 18th thiab 19th, niaj hnub no feem ntau siv los muab lub ru tsev pom qhov hnyav thiab txo tus naj npawb ntawm cov plag tsev nyeem tau
Mansard hipped ru tsev
Ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm lub ru tsev hipped thiab mansard ru tsev duab twb tau piav qhia yog mansard hipped ru tsev. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv no, lub ru tsev mansard yog ntxiv rau ntawm gable sab los ntawm classic hipped nto, uas kuj muab faib ua ob lub ru tsev nto nrog txawv inclinations.
Mansard ib nrab-hip ru tsev
Lwm qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob lub ru tsev no yog lub mansard hipped ru tsev. Nyob rau hauv sib piv rau lub mansard hipped ru tsev, tsuas yog lub ru tsev sab sauv cheeb tsam nrog ib tug flatter txoj kab nqes yog ntxiv nrog ib tug hipped cheeb tsam, thaum lub gable phab ntsa nyob rau hauv lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub ru tsev hauv qab no.
pent roof
Lub ru tsev lean-rau yog ib lub ru tsev yooj yim tshaj plaws. Nws muaj ib lub dav hlau inclined. Qhov qhib rau hauv ib qho kev taw qhia ua rau lub tsev muaj kev taw qhia kom pom tseeb txawm tias tsis muaj ridges, thaum qhov tsis muaj lub ru tsev ua rau siv tau zoo ntawm qhov chaw thiab txoj kab nqes ua rau lub ntuj thiab kev yooj yim ntawm cov dej nag.
Chaw
Txoj kev xav ntawm ob peb degrees txog li 45 degrees tuaj yeem pom, qhov siab dua qhov inclination, qhov sib txawv ntau dua hauv chav ua tiav qhov siab
Construction
nyob ntawm qhov kev ncua xws li kev txhawb nqa tus kheej lossis nrog kev txhawb nqa nruab nrab ntawm phab ntsa sab hauv lossis kab teeb
Cover
Nyob ntawm lub ru tsev suab, ntawv ci, bitumen los yog cov ntawv hlau ru tsev, los ntawm kwv yees li 10 degrees vuas los yog pob zeb ru tsev vuas kuj ua tau, feem ntau greened nyob rau hauv lub tsev tshiab
Special features
siv tau ntev hauv cov tsev ua haujlwm me me, tsuas yog "poob" rau cov tsev nyob thiab lwm yam khoom sawv cev hauv lub sijhawm niaj hnub no (kwv yees los ntawm 1920s)
Staggered pent roof
Ib daim ntawv tshwj xeeb ntawm lub ru tsev pent yog offset pent ru tsev. Ob lub ru tsev pitched tau muab tso rau ib leeg thiab hloov kev txheeb ze rau ib leeg raws li qhov siab ntawm qhov siab. Qhov no thaum kawg tsim ib lub ru tsev gable, nrog rau phab ntsa strip seem ntawm "ridge" ntawm lub ru tsev. Lub ru tsev zoo li no feem ntau siv kom tau txais lub teeb ntuj rau hauv lub tsev hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab.
Caum ru tsev
Txawm hais tias lub ru tsev tiaj tus yog lub ru tsev yooj yim tshaj plaws, nws muaj ntau txoj kev ywj pheej tsim. Lub ru tsev tiaj tus tuaj yeem tshwm rau ntab saum lub tsev raws li lub teeb pom kev zoo, lossis nws tuaj yeem nyob tsis pom tom qab ntawm cov phab ntsa sab nraud. Raws li qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov zoo li tuaj yeem ua tau, cov kev cov nyom uas tshwm sim ntawm kev tsim kho thiab kev tsim qauv zoo ib yam li txawv.
Chaw
Npaj deg raws li qhov kawg ntawm lub tsev nrog ib tug tsawg kawg nkaus gradient, tsim pom nrog ib tug protruding ru tsev ntug, los yog ua tau nrog nce nyob ib ncig ntawm phab ntsa raws li ib tug attic
Construction
Txheej txheej ua los ntawm cov ntoo lossis hlau, hloov cov pob zeb ntxiv, nyob ntawm qhov ncua nrog lossis tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa ntxiv
Cover
Ntawv nyiaj los yog bitumen, ntsuab lossis ntxiv npog ua los ntawm gravel, slabs lossis txawm tias cov ntawv hlau ua tau
Special features
Txawm hais tias lub npe, yeej tsis tiaj tus los xyuas kom meej cov dej nag, tsawg kawg yog 2% gradient yuav tsum tau raws li cov lus qhia ru tsev tiaj tus
pab ru tsev
Lub ru tsev chim yog lub ru tsev tshiab zoo nkauj uas tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv qhov loj me thiab tus lej raws li ib feem ntawm kev lag luam thiab cov txheej txheem steel. Nws qhia ntau yam nta nrog lub dome, tab sis nyob rau hauv sib piv rau nws muaj ib tug meej kev taw qhia, zoo ib yam li ib tug ridge. Lub ru tsev chim feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv industrial vaj tse los yog infrastructure.
Chaw
arched, ridgeless ru tsev nto nrog ob qho tib si eaves, tsis muaj ib tug ru tsev suab
Construction
feem ntau yog cov kev txhawb nqa arches ua los ntawm cov hlau nrog nruab nrab struts, tsis tshua muaj ntoo los yog pob zeb, nyob rau hauv ib tug neeg mob kuj yog ib tug tiaj tus txhawb nqa qauv ua los ntawm cov pob zeb los yog masonry
Cover
feem ntau yog hlau raws li cov khoom siv uas tuaj yeem hloov tau yooj yim rau qhov nkhaus, tab sis cov npog classic xws li cib tsis haum
Special features
Striking, zoo li txawv txawv, raws li nws yog feem ntau paub los ntawm loj thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog ntev lub tsev, xws li lub tsheb ciav hlau chaw nres tsheb thiab lwm yam, tab sis tseem tuaj yeem pom dua thiab dua niaj hnub no hauv cov tsev nyob ib leeg npaj
