Meristem propagation tseem yog ib yam tshiab ntawm cov nroj tsuag propagation. Tab sis nws twb tau siv dav. Ntawm ib sab, vim qee cov nroj tsuag tsuas tuaj yeem nthuav tawm hauv txoj kev no, tsis muaj kab mob thiab kab mob. Ntawm qhov tod tes, vim tias txoj kev no tso cai rau ntau thiab genetic zoo tib yam cov tub ntxhais hluas cov nroj tsuag kom loj hlob los ntawm ib leej niam cog. Txawm li cas los xij, tus txheej txheem nws tus kheej yog qhov nyuaj rau kev ua tiav vim cov khoom siv, kev ceev faj thiab kev paub yuav tsum tau ua. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias koj muaj kev ua siab ntev thiab txaus siab me ntsis rau kev sim, koj tseem tuaj yeem ua tiav txoj kev vam meej.
Definition
Meristem propagation tseem hu ua in vitro propagation. "In-vitro" txhais tau tias "hauv iav" hauv Latin. Qhov peb txhais li cas ntawm no yog propagation nyob rau hauv ib tug petri phaj los yog xeem raj. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev xav tsis thoob rau cov neeg nyiam ua liaj ua teb uas yav dhau los ua haujlwm nrog cov noob, txiav thiab faib cov hauv paus hniav. Qhov tseeb, meristem proliferation twb tau ua tiav ntawm qhov loj. Cov nroj tsuag rov tsim dua los ntawm ib pawg ntawm tes thiab nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis muaj menyuam.
Cov hlwb raug tshem tawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag, muab tso rau hauv ib qho khoom nruab nrab thiab kho nrog cov as-ham thiab phytohormones kom txog thaum cov hauv paus hniav thiab tua. Tom qab ntawd lawv muab tso rau hauv substrate thiab cultivated raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Hais lus ntxhib thiab yooj yim heev, nws yog ib hom kev txiav propagation ntawm microscopic nplai thiab nyob rau hauv tsis muaj menyuam.
Advantages
Raws li twb tau hais nyob rau hauv thaum pib, meristem proliferation muaj ob yam zoo. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, qhov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev lag luam yog qhov nyuaj rau tsis quav ntsej: ntau cov xeeb ntxwv tuaj yeem loj hlob los ntawm ib leej niam cog dua li ntawm cuttings lossis noob. Thaum kawg, tsuas yog ob peb lub hlwb yuav tsum tau ua cov khoom pib rau tus ntxhais cog. Tsis tas li ntawd, qee cov nroj tsuag tsis tuaj yeem propagated nyob rau hauv lwm txoj kev. Yog vim li cas rau qhov no yog qhov kev faib, tsim cuttings los yog loj hlob noob yog heev complex thiab siv sij hawm ntau heev.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov kab mob, fungi thiab kab mob thiab lwm yam phytopatogens ua rau nws nyuaj rau qee cov nroj tsuag kom nthuav tawm ntawm kev txiav thiab kab lis kev cai. Vim li no, strawberries, raspberries thiab kiwi, piv txwv li, tam sim no tsuas yog tsim los ntawm meristem proliferation. Cov tub ntxhais hluas cov nroj tsuag tau txais los ntawm txoj kev no tsis muaj kab mob vim lawv loj hlob nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej tsis muaj menyuam. Kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov xeeb ntxwv muaj mob kuj txo.
Tus Meristem
Cov khoom pib rau meristem proliferation yog lub meristem. Qhov no yog cov nroj tsuag tsim cov ntaub so ntswg. Hom ntaub so ntswg no tseem tsis txawv. Yog li ntawd lawv tuaj yeem txhim kho mus rau hauv cov hauv paus hniav, txiv hmab txiv ntoo lossis nplooj thiab, yam tsawg kawg nkaus, faib ua ntu zus. Cov xwm txheej zoo tshaj plaws los siv rau kev nthuav tawm thiab tsim ntau cov nroj tsuag los ntawm cov qe me me.
Cov nroj tsuag qia hlwb no nyob rau hauv qhov kawg ntawm cov lus qhia hauv paus thiab tua cov lus qhia. Lawv kuj muaj cov phab ntsa nyias nyias nrog cov ntsiab lus cellulose tsawg heev. Lawv txawv ntawm cov cell nyob ib puag ncig meej meej txog cov phab ntsa ntawm tes. Tau kawg, qhov no tsuas yog pom nyob rau hauv lub microscope.
Sterile mob
Cov lus qhia saum toj kawg nkaus yog qhov tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim los ua meristem rau kev nthuav tawm hauv vitro, vim lawv feem ntau tseem tsis muaj kab mob txawm tias muaj kab mob kis. Txhawm rau kom ntseeg tau tias cov kab mob tsis tuaj yeem kis mus rau cov hlwb lossis cov nroj tsuag, cov xwm txheej tsis muaj menyuam yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev nthuav tawm meristem. Yog li ntawd, cov thawv cog qoob loo yuav tsum tsis muaj menyuam thiab kaw tau. Petri tais diav nrog hau tau pov thawj pab tau rau thawj theem. Tom qab ntawd, siv cov iav siab dua. Hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm meristem proliferation, ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb yog tsim uas tau tswj tsis tu ncua. Qhov no yuav tsum muaj, ntawm lwm yam, lub rooj zaum ua haujlwm tsis muaj menyuam lossis chaw ua haujlwm nyab xeeb.
Disinfect
Sterile workbench thiab hlab ntsha yog tsim nyog rau meristem propagation, tab sis ib leeg tsis txaus. Cov kab mob tuaj yeem nkag nrog cov meristem hlwb. Nws tsis muaj teeb meem seb cov no twb muaj nyob rau ntawm cov nroj tsuag lossis tau ntxiv rau cov khoom noj nruab nrab ntawm txoj kev los ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Cov kab mob, cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob tuaj yeem, dhau los, txo qhov ua tau zoo. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los ntxiv tshuaj tua kab mob ntawm tes tom qab tshem tawm ntawm cov nroj tsuag kom tua cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob fungal.
Raws li ntau qhov chaw, peb txhais tau tias yog siv rau qhov no:
- Sodium hypochlorite
- Hydrogen peroxide
- Mercury II chloride
Sodium hypochlorite thiab hydrogen peroxide muaj nyob rau ntawm lub tsev muag tshuaj. Kev siv mercury II chloride los tua cov nroj tsuag thiab cov noob yog txwv tsis pub, tsawg kawg hauv kev lag luam ntiag tug. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov concentration ntawm cov khoom muaj nyob yuav tsum tau them nyiaj mloog zoo rau.
Sodium hypochlorite rau tshuaj tua kab mob
Hauv kev tshaj tawm meristem, sodium hypochlorite yog siv los tua kab mob ntawm tes. Cov tshuaj chemical tseem hu ua chlorine bleach thiab feem ntau hu ua "active chlorine" hauv cov khoom siv tu. Yog li ntawd, tus neeg sawv cev hnyav yuav tsum tsis txhob siv undiluted ntawm cov nroj tsuag.
Kev xav ntawm 5 mus rau 25 feem pua yog ib txwm nyob ntawm no nrog lub sijhawm raug 5 txog 30 feeb. Sodium hypochlorite yuav tsum yog li ntawd tsuas yog siv rau hauv qhov tsim nyog dilution. Tom qab tshuaj tua kab mob, cov hlwb kuj tau yaug ob peb zaug nrog dej distilled thiab sterile.
Hydrogen peroxide
Rau cov tshuaj yaug cov nroj tsuag thiab cov nroj tsuag, qee qhov chaw qhia txog kev daws teeb meem nrog 0.15 ib mille lossis 0.015 feem pua hydrogen peroxide. Rau tsev neeg lub hom phiaj, 3 feem pua cov tshuaj hydrogen peroxide muaj nyob hauv cov khw muag tshuaj. Yuav kom ua raws li qhov no nrog cov ntsiab lus hydrogen peroxide ntawm 0.015 feem pua, yuav tsum tau suav cov hauv qab no: Feem pua ntawm cov tshuaj pib - qhov xav tau feem pua ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob=qhov sib txawv thiab yog li cov ntsiab lus dej hauv qhov sib xyaw ua ke
Nrog 3 feem pua kev daws qhov kev suav yog: 3 - 0.015=2.985
Qhov no txhais tau hais tias 0.015 feem ntawm 3 feem pua tshuaj yuav tsum tau ntxiv rau 2.985 feem ntawm sterile, distilled dej. Kev piav qhia me ntsis ntxiv thiab siv tau rau kev nthuav tawm meristem yog 1.5 milliliters ntawm cov tshuaj rau 29.85 liters dej.
kab lis kev cai nruab nrab thiab khoom noj khoom haus
Nov yog qhov uas tej yam nyuaj. Txawm hais tias muaj cov as-ham uas yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv nruab nrab nutrient, cov concentration nyob ntawm seb hom nroj tsuag. Kev sib xyaw ntawm agar ua tus neeg sawv cev gelling thiab sucrose raws li kev daws teeb meem tuaj yeem ua lub hauv paus. Cov tshuaj yuav tsum muaj 20 mus rau 30 grams sucrose ib liter dej. Agar siv raws li xav tau.
Macronutrients
Qhov tseem ceeb macronutrients rau meristem proliferation yog:
- Nitrogen
- phosphorus
- Potassium
- Calcium
- Magnesium
- Sulfur
Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov tshuaj no muaj ntau hom-dependent. Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv, uas piv txwv li ntawm 0.95 thiab 1.9 grams ib liter rau poov tshuaj ib leeg.
Tip:
Yog tias koj xav pib sim koj tus kheej, koj yuav tsum sim ua tib zoo. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm tus kheej macronutrients hauv cov chiv tshwj xeeb rau hom nroj tsuag no tuaj yeem muab kev taw qhia ntawm no.
Micronutrients
Qhov tseem ceeb micronutrients rau cov nroj tsuag feem ntau thiab meristem reproduction tshwj xeeb yog:
- Iron
- Manganese
- Zinc
- Boron
- Copper
- Molybdenum
Yog hais tias lawv ploj lawm los yog nyob rau hauv ib tug tsawg concentration, deficiency tshwm sim. Iodine thiab cob alt kuj tau hais tias muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tseem tsis tau muaj pov thawj scientific. Ntawm no dua, qhov ntau sib txawv heev thiab nyob ntawm seb hom nroj tsuag. Ib zaug ntxiv, cov chiv tshwj xeeb rau cov nroj tsuag yuav siv tau rau kev taw qhia.
Vitamin thiab amino acids
Vitamin B yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau meristem proliferation.
suav ntawm no:
- Biotin - Vitamin B7
- Folic acid – vitamin B9 los yog vitamin B11
- Nicotinic acid – vitamin B3
- Pyridoxine - Vitamin B6
- thiamine - Vitamin B1
Txawm hais tias cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem ua rau lawv tus kheej, lawv tseem tau ntxiv rau qee qhov kev tshaj tawm loj hlob los txhawb kev loj hlob thiab nce qhov kev vam meej.
Phytohormones
Vim cov meristem tseem yog cov hlwb tsis sib xws, lawv xav tau kev txhawb nqa tsim nyog. Txwv tsis pub lawv yuav tsis loj hlob mus rau hauv cov hauv paus hniav, tua thiab nplooj. Lawv tau txais cov impulses los ntawm plaub phytohormones:
- Auxine
- Cytokinins
- Gibberellins
- Abscisic acid
Qee cov khoom noj khoom haus npaj tau twb muaj cov no nrog rau cov macro thiab micronutrients. Yog tias koj ua koj tus kheej sib tov, lawv yuav tsum tau ntxiv. Qhov no nyob rau hauv lem sawv cev rau ib qho kev sib tw, raws li qhov ntau thiab qhov sib piv rau ib leeg yuav tsum tau sim.
Rating
Yog hais tias cov hlwb sib faib ua tiav thaum lub sij hawm meristem reproduction thiab cov phytohormones xyuas kom meej qhov xav tau kev loj hlob ntawm tus kheej cov kab mob, cov tub ntxhais hluas nroj tsuag loj hlob. Cov no yog cov caj ces zoo tib yam rau niam cov nroj tsuag, yog li nruj me ntsis hais lus lawv yog clones. Txawm hais tias qhov kev vam meej no, tseem yuav muaj teeb meem ntawm txoj kev. Raws li txoj cai, cov no yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob uas tuaj yeem vam khom ntawm cov zaub mov nruab nrab thiab cov nroj tsuag lawv tus kheej. Yog li ntawd, kev ntsuam xyuas tseem ceeb heev. Yog hais tias qhov nruab nrab nutrient ua pos huab, deposits los yog discolored, cov qauv hauv nqe lus nug yuav tsum tau txheeb tawm. Kev kuaj xyuas thiab tshem tawm yog hu ua kev muab qhab nia.
Plaub tawm
Thaum cov nroj tsuag hluas tau mus txog qhov siab li ntawm tsib centimeters thiab muaj zog thiab noj qab nyob zoo, lawv tuaj yeem cog rau hauv qhov tsim nyog substrate. Txij ntawm no mus, lawv tuaj yeem cog tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm cov nroj tsuag yam.
Txoj kev rau koj tus kheej meristem propagation
Vim qhov yuav tsum tau muaj thiab cov cuab yeej tsim nyog, koj tus kheej sim ntawm meristem propagation tiag tiag tsuas ua rau kev txiav txim siab yog tias ntau tshaj ib tus niam cog yuav tsum tau nthuav tawm. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws tsis yog ib qho yooj yim ua. Kev npaj cov kab lis kev cai tsim nyog thiab sib koom ua ke thiab ua kom cov hlwb tsis muaj menyuam yog qhov nyuaj rau kev ua tiav hauv tsev neeg ntiag tug. Cov khoom noj khoom haus gels kuj tseem tuaj yeem yuav npaj ua. Piv txwv li ntawm PhytoTechnology Larboratories.
Yog tias koj xav txuag koj tus kheej ntawm kev siv zog thiab kev siv nyiaj, suav nrog rau lub chaw ua haujlwm tsis muaj menyuam, koj tuaj yeem muaj koj cov nroj tsuag propagated. Qhov no muaj, piv txwv li, los ntawm In Vitro Plant Service hauv Quedlinburg.
Conclusion
Meristem propagation yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo kom loj hlob ntau cov nroj tsuag los ntawm ib leej niam cog thiab feem ntau yog tib txoj hauv kev kom ua tiav cov xeeb ntxwv noj qab haus huv, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov nroj tsuag muaj kab mob. Nrog rau cov cuab yeej zoo, nws kuj tuaj yeem nqa tau los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm. Los ntawm kev tau txais cov hlwb meristem nyob rau hauv lub tshuab tsom mus rau kev npaj cov khoom noj khoom haus uas tsim nyog thiab muab qhab nia, qhov sib txawv ntawm kev nthuav tawm no kuj yog ib qho kev sib tw.
