Raspberry Bush - cog, tu thiab txiav

Cov txheej txheem:

Raspberry Bush - cog, tu thiab txiav
Raspberry Bush - cog, tu thiab txiav
Anonim

Raspberry kev saib xyuas, cog thiab txiav - txhua yam yog yooj yim heev ua nrog raspberries raws li ib txwm cog; Tab sis txawm tias cov neeg paub txog gardeners qee zaum tau txais txiaj ntsig los ntawm cov ntsiab lus uas teev cov kev xav tshwj xeeb ntawm hom nroj tsuag. Muaj kev thov tshwj xeeb los ntawm raspberries, tab sis rau feem ntau lawv tsis yooj yim ua kom tiav. Txawm tias feem ntau ntshai nyuaj pruning ntawm lub caij ntuj sov raspberries thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg raspberries yuav yooj yim heev yog hais tias koj paub cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm ib txwm raspberries (=lub caij ntuj sov raspberries) thiab muaj peev xwm cais cov txawv loj hlob cwj pwm ntawm "hloov heev ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg raspberries".

Plaub txiv hmab txiv ntoo

Raspberry bushes yeej cog zoo li txhua yam ntoo ib txwm. Piv nrog rau "cov ntoo nruab nrab", cov nroj tsuag raspberry muaj cov cai tshwj xeeb hauv qab no:

  • Qhov chaw: tiv thaiv los ntawm cua, nyob rau hauv lub teeb ntxoov ntxoo
  • Soil: me ntsis acidic, moist, nyiam dua muaj av nplaum
  • Soil density: Loose and well-drained
  • Dej cia muaj peev xwm ntawm cov av: tsis dhau pronounced, raspberries sai sai raug kev txom nyem nyob rau hauv waterlogged av
  • Soil Npaj: Sib tov hauv cov pob zeb uas paub tab thiab tej zaum pob zeb hmoov av
  • Av nto: yuav tsum tau tshem ntawm cov nroj tsuag sib tw (qee zaus ua ntej cog) thiab npog nrog ib txheej ntawm mulch
  • Cov khoom noj khoom haus thiab cov ntsiab lus humus: "Qhov siab dua, lub raspberry", cov khoom noj khoom haus nce ntxiv los ntawm cov chiv tsis suav

Cov hauv qab no yuav tsum tau sau tseg thaum lub sijhawm cog:

  • Raspberry cov hauv paus hniav qee zaum zoo heev thiab yuav tsum tau khaws cia tsis tu ncua ua ntej cog
  • Tsis txhob tso raspberries ze heev
  • Txoj kev deb ntawm tsob ntoo mus rau tsob ntoo: 40 txog 60 cm
  • Txoj kev deb ntawm kab mus rau kab: 1, 20 yog hauv pem teb nyuam qhuav taug kev
  • Yog hais tias hauv pem teb mus tas li, qhov kev ncua deb yuav tsum yog tsawg kawg yog 1.60 m vim compaction nyob rau hauv txoj kev taug kev
  • Raspberries feem ntau yog cov hauv paus hauv paus thiab tseem cog hauv qhov ntiav, npog cov hauv paus 5 cm nrog av
  • Saib seb puas tsim nyog cov nroj tsuag pruning, yog tias tsim nyog ua kom cov rods hauv cheeb tsam sab saud raws li
  • Tom qab cog, dej hnyav thiab mulch kwv yees li 5 cm siab
Raspberry Bush
Raspberry Bush

Cov cultivated ntau yam feem ntau xav tau kev txhawb nqa; nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej, raspberry nroj tsuag loj hlob heev saj zawg zog canes tshaj ob meters ntev, uas yog them nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau hauv ib tug loj feem ntawm lawv ntev. Cov cultivars feem ntau hu ua lub caij ntuj sov raspberries nyob rau hauv kev lag luam, uas emulate ib txwm raspberries, kuj tsim cov canes nyob rau hauv lub vaj thiab feem ntau tsim loj (tasteless) raspberries rau lawv, uas yuam cov canes rau hauv av. Txij li thaum nws tsis zoo rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo feem ntau (thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj heev uas muaj dej ntau) kom pw ib ncig ntawm cov av ntub dej, cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo no yuav tsum tau txhawb nqa. Koj tuaj yeem tso lossis khi cov kab uas muaj hnub nyoog ib xyoos nyob ib puag ncig ntawm txoj kab ntawm kev txhawb nqa, raws li tus cwj pwm loj hlob ntawm tus pas nrig qhia. Autumn raspberries (saib hauv qab) loj hlob qis dua cov raspberries tiag tiag thiab feem ntau tsis xav tau ib qho scaffold, tab sis tuaj yeem siv tau, piv txwv li. B. tuaj yeem cog rau ntawm trellis rau cov laj thawj zoo nkauj.

Hais txog cultivars

Yog tias koj xav sau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo tiag tiag, koj tsuas yog cog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo uas koj tau saj ua ntej. Tej zaum nrog cov phooj ywg / cov neeg nyob sib ze, ces feem ntau muaj kev tawm tsam (txawm tias nws yuav tsum muaj cov kab mob thiab cov kab mob los yog seb cov ntaub ntawv xov xwm sib raug zoo yog zais kev muag khoom rau cov chaw vaj tsev yog nyob ntawm koj txiav txim). Qee cov chaw zov me nyuam kuj paub qhov chaw zoo nkauj xws li 'Yellow Antwerp' (thawj hais nyob ib ncig ntawm 1800, qhov qub tshaj plaws nyob sab Europe raspberry ntau yam) tuaj yeem sim hauv ice cream lossis jam, tab sis lawv kuj tuaj yeem qhia yooj yim cog cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo qus.

Nyob rau lub raspberry Bush

Raspberries vam khom nrog kev tu tsob ntoo thiab txaus siab rau cov kev kho tshwj xeeb hauv qab no:

  • 80% ntawm raspberries nrhiav dej thiab cov as-ham hauv qab ntawm lub ntiaj teb
  • Yog li ntawd, tsis txhob tshem cov nroj tsuag ntawm cov hauv paus hniav ib ncig ntawm cov nroj tsuag los ntawm hoeing
  • Cov neeg sib tw noj zaub mov raug cuam tshuam los ntawm txheej txheej ntawm mulch, uas ua rau cov av hauv qab raspberries moist
  • Zoo mulches: comfrey, fern, pob zeb plua plav, nyom clippings (tsis nyob ib leeg), semi-rotted nplooj compost, coniferous ntoo compost, straw
  • Cov txheej txheej mulch siv thaum cog tseem nyob hauv qhov chaw txhua lub sijhawm thiab muab cov raspberries nrog ib hom chiv mus tas li (kom paub ntau ntxiv saib "Fertilizing raspberries kom zoo")
  • Ib feem uas tsis rot sai txaus yuav tsum tau rov ua dua txhua xyoo (lub caij nplooj zeeg lossis caij nplooj ntoos hlav, tsis yog lub caij ntuj sov)
  • Cultivated raspberries feem ntau tsis tsim rods ruaj khov uas xav tau kev txhawb nqa
  • Cultivation yog ua tau raws li ib tug raspberry hedge ntawm ib tug hlau trellis nrog kab rov tav nro hlau (3-4, mus txog rau ib qhov siab ntawm 1.5 m)
  • Qhov no twb tau piav qhia txog yam tsawg kawg nkaus rau kev txhawb nqa rau "tsis muaj zog-legged" raspberry rods
  • Nws tsis tau txhais hais tias koj tsis tuaj yeem nyeem ntau ntau cov lus qhia yuav ua li cas los tsim lub raspberry trellis
  • cais cov lus qhia rau txhua yam khoom (hlau, ntoo, yas), sau tau zoo, me me, muaj txiaj ntsig espalier lub tsev compendiums
  • koj tsis xav tau yog tias cov raspberries tuaj yeem loj hlob raws lub laj kab
  • Smooth rods tsuas yog muab tso rau ib ncig ntawm lub xov tooj txhawb nqa, cov pas nrig tawv raug khi
  • Fertilize lightly in spring when budding
  • Nrog cov organic berry fertilizer, mature compost, ntoo tshauv los yog seasoned manure
  • Nyob rau tus kab mob-nrhiav (tsis-resistant) raspberries, tswj aphids uas kis tau tus kab mob raspberry mosaic

Txiav raspberries

Txiav raspberries
Txiav raspberries

Zoo pom zoo rau cov cog ntau yam, txij thaum pib. Ua ntej tshaj plaws, me ntsis raspberry botany, tom qab uas koj tuaj yeem nkag siab cov lus pom zoo rau raspberry pruning zoo dua:

Lub raspberry belongs rau tsev neeg sawv thiab nyob rau hauv no mus rau genus Rubus. Tsis yog genus rau cov xov xwm: Hauv qhov sib piv rau tus muam genera Malus (apples), Pyrus (pears), Prunus (cherries thiab plums) thiab Rosa (roses), Rubus tseem tsis tau muaj lawv lub npe German; Nws tsuas yog genus ntawm blackberries thiab raspberries. Qhov no yog ib tug genus uas muaj ntau haiv neeg raws li nws tau cog lus: 1,568 hom tam sim no tau lees paub thiab tsim cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo yuav luag thoob ntiaj teb. Qhov twg tsis yog, nws nyuaj rau xav txog, kuj muaj Rubus arcticus; "Kom paub" ntawm no yog qhov txuas mus rau nplooj ntawv nrog 212 Rubus hom uas loj hlob hauv Schleswig-Holstein: www.rubus-sh.de.

Qhov zoo ntawm Rubus yog tias tag nrho cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm Rubus hom uas peb tau saj txog tam sim no yog noj tau thiab ntau ntawm lawv tsuas yog qab, zoo li cov raspberry cog Rubus idaeus. Qhov no raspberry nroj tsuag, ua ke nrog ntau lwm hom Rubus, tau tsim ib tug tshwj xeeb lub neej daim ntawv uas botanists (tshaj tsob ntoo thiab shrub thiab lwm yam) yuav tsum tau txhais cov cais woody nroj tsuag qeb "mock shrub". Yog tias koj paub tias txoj kev ua neej no ua haujlwm li cas (yuav ua li cas lub hav txwv yeem loj hlob), qhov txaus ntshai ntawm kev txiav cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm lub caij tom ntej los yog lub caij tom qab ntawd raug tshem tawm ib zaug thiab rau tag nrho:

Hauv qhov xwm txheej, raspberries tsuas yog tawg thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo xyoo tom qab germination (uas tshwm sim rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav). Txij li thaum pseudo-shrub tsis thawb cov ntoo tua, tab sis theej tua shafts los ntawm rhizome, tag nrho cov tua ncej sau los ntawm tib neeg los yog noog (cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo, los yog hu ua "qws") tuag nyob rau lub caij ntuj no tom qab cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ripens.. Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav ntawm lub caij dhau los, cov raspberries twb tau cog cov noob tom ntej uas yuav dais cov qoob loo rau lub caij tom ntej - thiab lwm yam, ib qho kev txuas ntxiv mus tas li.

Raspberries uas loj hlob nyob rau hauv no ib txwm atherosclerosis yog tam sim no feem ntau hu ua "lub caij ntuj sov raspberries" raws li ib tug cultivar (vim lub caij nplooj zeeg raspberry twb bred, uas peb yuav tau mus rau ib pliag). Tab sis lawv yog kiag li ib txwm raspberries, qus raspberries kuj loj hlob zoo li no; Lub npe tau tshwm sim zoo ib yam li peb lub sij hawm txheem dhau los ua "lub caij ntuj no" nrog kev qhia txog lub caij ntuj sov.

Pruning raspberries
Pruning raspberries

Nrog kev paub no, "lub caij ntuj sov raspberries" yog ib qho yooj yim rau prune:

  • Yog tias koj cog rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav, qee qhov "thaum ntxov ntxov" cultivars tsim ob peb lub paj hauv tib lub caij
  • Lub caij tom qab cog, koj yuav tsum tshem cov paj no kom zoo dua, cov nroj tsuag yuav tsum loj hlob xwb
  • Suab zoo li tso tseg, tiam sis xyoo tom ntej no coj tau ntau dua
  • No "ib txwm raspberry" blooms nyob rau hauv caij nplooj ntoos hlav thiab tsim berries nyob rau hauv Lub Xya hli ntuj mus rau lub yim hli ntuj
  • Txoj kab uas hla cov qoob loo no yuav tuag rau lub caij ntuj no
  • Nws feem ntau pom zoo kom tshem cov kab uas tau sau tseg tam sim tom qab sau qoob loo
  • Muaj tseeb tiag, tab sis cov nroj tsuag feem ntau nqus cov as-ham los ntawm cov nroj tsuag tuag
  • • Cov kab no kuj muab cov nroj tsuag tiv thaiv me ntsis ntxiv rau lub caij ntuj no
  • Thiab lawv muab cov kab uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo xws li cov kab mob mites uas muaj kev nyab xeeb rau lub caij ntuj no
  • Nws yog li ntawd txaus yog tias koj tshem tawm cov qoob loo thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav ua ntej budding
  • Tom qab ntawd lawv tuaj yeem sau ntau lossis tsawg dua yooj yim
  • Nrog me ntsis trimming, cov qoob loo yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm ze rau hauv av
  • Nkauj xyoob qeeg tso cai mus ntxiv kom lawv txi tau txiv xyoo tom ntej
  • Yog tias lawv "tua" mob siab rau tab sis nyias nyias, lawv tuaj yeem luv luv txog li ob metres
  • Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav tom ntej no cov pas nrig ntab yuav nyias tawm
  • Nrog 7-10 muaj zog canes ntawm ib vintage ib linear meter, raspberries tsim tau zoo tshaj plaws

Tip:

Cov kab uas hlais tau tsuas yog nyob rau lub caij ntuj no ntawm raspberries uas tau txuas ntxiv thinned tawm thiab loj hlob raws li xoob thiab airy. Yog hais tias qhov no tsis yog li ntawd, kev loj hlob ntawm lwm tiam ntawm canes yuav sai sai ua rau lub raspberry heev tuab thiab ces cia cov laus / ntau dhau ntawm cov laus canes rau overwinter yuav txhawb kom kis tau tus kab mob fungal. Cov nroj tsuag uas tiv thaiv tau zoo tshaj plaws los ntawm cov kab mob yog cov uas muaj qhov cua zoo los ntawm cua ntawm cov pas nrig.

sau liab raspberries
sau liab raspberries

Lub caij nplooj zeeg raspberries yog kev cog qoob loo los hloov pauv raspberry sau, raws li cov kws tshaj lij raspberry, nrog rau qhov txiaj ntsig tsis zoo:

  • Lawv yog bred rau "remontant" thiab tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lig flowering thiab fruiting
  • Cov "Autumn raspberries" tuaj yeem sau los ntawm lub caij ntuj sov mus txog thaum thawj Frost
  • Cov qoob loo pib thawj xyoo vim lub caij nplooj zeeg raspberries txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm txhua xyoo ntoo
  • Yog vim li cas tsis paub, tej zaum yuav nyuaj kom tau cov canes uas tsuas yog txiv hmab txiv ntoo nyob rau xyoo thib ob los hloov
  • Lub raspberries tau genetic kiag li "sib xyaw" los ntawm breeders
  • Tshwj tsis pub cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo siav rau ib lub caij, nws hlob ncaj nraim ntawm ntoo tshiab
  • Qhov no tsis tas yuav pab nqa cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntau dua rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo
  • Berry kuj tsim qab zib thiab aroma nyob rau hauv tshav ntuj
  • Thiab qhov ntawd tsis txaus nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg, los ntawm xwm
  • Nyob hauv ntau lub vaj German, qhov chaw qis ntawm lub hnub nyob rau lub caij nplooj zeeg ua kom cov shading nce ntxiv
  • Yog vim li cas lub caij nplooj zeeg raspberries, txawm los ntawm lub ntsiab sau, feem ntau tsis raspberry tsw foob pob
  • Zoo nyob ntawm lub sijhawm cog, nws zoo dua rau tag nrho cov sau kom txiav tawm paj hauv thawj lub caij
  • Thaum lub caij nplooj zeeg raspberries tau sau, lawv tuaj yeem txiav rov qab tag nrho
  • Ntawm no koj muaj kev xaiv dua: txiav tam sim tom qab sau los yog caij nplooj ntoos hlav
  • Lub caij nplooj zeeg raspberries muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov kab mob fungal ntau dua vim huab cua, yog li lawv yuav tsum tau muab nyias tawm kom zoo dua
  • Kev sib cog lus: Qee qhov hnav thiab txiav rods raug tso rau lub caij ntuj no rau cov kab muaj txiaj ntsig
  • Nyob rau lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav lawv raug tshem tawm ua ntej budding thiaj li hais tias lub caij nplooj zeeg raspberries sprout tag nrho rov

Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si, kev rov ua dua tshiab yuav tsim nyog rau lub caij nyoog vim tias cov kab uas twb tau luv luv tuaj yeem loj hlob raws li cov ceg ntoo tawm hauv av lossis hauv paus lossis vim cov tub ntxhais hluas tua tau mob thiab tsis muaj zog. Ib me ntsis pruning yog tsim nyog txhua lub caij yog tias koj pom tias cov nroj tsuag raspberry yog tsim twisted canes thiab / los yog loj hlob densely, txhawb cov kab mob. Yog hais tias lub raspberry tau dhau los ua loj tag nrho, nws tuaj yeem raug luv rau saum toj thiab tag nrho ib puag ncig tom qab thawj lub caij nplooj zeeg (tam sim ntawd tom qab ntawd kom nws tseem tuaj yeem kaw qhov txiav kom txog thaum thawj Frost). Incidentally, qhov no Frost tuaj yeem nkag mus txog 40 cm rau hauv cov hlab ntsha ntawm raspberry, yog li lub pob txha pob txha yuav tsum muaj ntau qhov ntev ntev ntawm ib ncig ntawm 1 m txawm tias tom qab txiav.

Tip:

Qee lub sij hawm nws raug pom zoo kom tsuas yog txiav cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm lub caij nplooj zeeg raspberries mus rau qhov uas lawv tau npog nrog txiv hmab txiv ntoo thiab txwv tsis pub cia lawv loj hlob ntxiv rau lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav tom ntej. Vim hais tias lub caij nplooj zeeg raspberries "nco" tias lawv cov tsiaj yeej dais txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntawm canes uas twb ripened rau ib lub caij thiab nyob rau hauv lub caij ntuj sov, thiab qhia raws nraim li no tus cwj pwm. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv zoo li tsis nco qab nws raws nraim, vim tias tag nrho cov lus ceeb toom los ntawm cov neeg ua teb uas tau sim nws yws txog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg, tsis muaj qab hau saj ntawm no me ntsis ntxov ntxov ntxiv. Lub ntsiab sau nyob rau hauv lub caij nplooj zeeg yog hais tias yuav tsis muaj zog los ntawm thaum ntxov sau, yog li lub caij nplooj zeeg raspberries yog ntau theoretical tshaj qhov kev siv - koj yuav tsum txuag koj tus kheej "txiav tsim rau lub hom phiaj ntawm lub caij ntuj sov sau ntxiv" thiab txiav lub caij nplooj zeeg raspberries rov qab tag nrho tom qab sau..

Pom zoo: