Cov hom pob zeb muaj ntau yam zoo li nws siv los ua cov khoom siv hauv tsev niaj hnub. Muab faib ua cov chav kawm, muaj cov pob zeb tsim nyog rau txhua qhov kev siv. Peb piav qhia txog hom twg thiab cov chav kawm muaj.
Types of concrete
Qhov twg nyob rau hauv nws cov hnub thaum ntxov tshaj li ob txhiab xyoo dhau los pob zeb yog "tsuas yog" ib homogeneous hloov rau pob zeb uas yooj yim los tsim rau ntawm qhov chaw, niaj hnub no lub tsev cov khoom impresses nrog nws enormous specialization rau ntau yam kev siv. Raws li qhov yuav tsum tau ua, qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab cov khoom tuaj yeem sib txawv heev.
Insulating qhob
Classically, pob zeb tsim nws cov peev txheej loj heev ntawm qhov ntom ntom ntawm 2.0 txog 2.5 kg / dm3. Qhov no yog nrog los ntawm cov khoom tsis zoo insulating. Txhawm rau ua kom qhov xav tau ntawm cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev ntxiv lawm, insulating qhob kuj muaj qhov tsim nyog rwb thaiv tsev.
- Txoj Haujlwm: Kev tsim cov khoom ntim cov kabmob nrog cov nyhuv insulating
- Special feature: Additives xws li ntuj pumice, nthuav av nplaum los yog ua npuas ncauj iav ua cua entraining agents
- Piv txwv daim ntawv thov: Cheebtsam lossis cov tsev uas muaj qhov zoo nkauj nrog cov rwb thaiv tsev thermal
Fiber concrete
Raws li lwm txoj hauv kev paub txog cov hlau reinforcing, ntau cov fibers tau nkag mus rau hauv cov pob zeb fiber ntau los ua kom muaj peev xwm thauj khoom.
- Task: Muaj peev xwm thauj khoom nrog me me qhov ntev
- Special feature: Cov iav fibers, textile fibers los yog tsis tshua muaj hlau fibers li hloov rau reinforcing steel
- Daim ntawv thov piv txwv: slim Cheebtsam, xws li lub ntsej muag plhaub, rooj tog lossis vaj khoom, thiab lwm yam.
NOTE:
Feem ntau, nyob ntawm seb qhov kev siv, pob zeb yuav tsum muaj qee yam pob zeb npog tshaj cov hlau uas muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion. Nrog cov fibers uas tsis yog xim hlau, qhov kev pab them nqi tuaj yeem qis dua thiab qhov loj me tuaj yeem txo qis.
Easy to work concrete (LVB)
LVB yog tsim los ua kom zoo ib yam li qhov ua tau thiab tsis muaj kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov nplej loj thiab cov khoom siv ntxiv. Nws ua tau raws li cov kev xav tau siab thiab pom kev nrog kev teeb tsa yooj yim
- Task: Yooj yim installation nyob rau hauv nqaim, nyuaj formwork nrog ntom reinforcement yam tsis muaj teeb meem, gravel hnab, thiab lwm yam.
- Special feature: Cov qoob loo ntau tshaj plaws feem ntau yog 8 txog 16 millimeters, feem ntau ntxiv cov superplasticizers thiab teeb tsa retarders
- Piv txwv daim ntawv thov: Cov khoom ua vaj tse nthuav tawm, cov kab slim lossis kab teeb
Translucent Concrete
Txawm hais tias tsis muaj "pob tshab" tiag tiag. Txawm li cas los xij, nws muaj peev xwm ua kom nws translucent rau cov teebmeem tshwj xeeb.
- Txoj haujlwm: Kev thauj lub teeb los ntawm cov pob zeb ua ke raws li qhov cuam tshuam lossis rau qhov ci ntsa iab
- Special feature: Fiberglass lev los yog bundles embedded nyob rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg raws li lub teeb channel
- Piv txwv daim ntawv thov: Art installations, pej xeem vaj tse, tsev cia puav pheej thiab kev cai dab qhuas vaj tse
TSHIAB:
Incorporating iav fibers rau hauv cov pob zeb txwv kev siv cov hlau reinforcing. Lub teeb kis tau tus mob ntau dua yog xav tau, qhov ntau lub peev xwm ntawm cov khoom siv tau txwv.
Normal concrete
Cov hom pob zeb uas siv ntau tshaj plaws yog cov pob zeb qub. Peb ib txwm hais txog kev ua vaj tse ib txwm muaj thaum cov kev sib xyaw ua ke tsis raug hloov kho rau hauv hom tshwj xeeb ntawm pob zeb los ntawm kev ntxiv, kev teeb tsa, thiab lwm yam.
- Txoj haujlwm: Kev tsim cov khoom ua kom muaj zog ib txwm muaj tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb
- Special feature: Mass feem ntau yog nruab nrab ntawm 2.0 thiab 2.5 kg/dm3, compressive zog 5.0 txog 55.0 N//mm2, kho mus txog rau tus qauv lub zog raws li DIN tshwm sim tom qab 28 hnub
- Daim ntawv thov piv txwv: Phab ntsa, ceilings, foundations thiab lwm yam.
Recycled concrete
Cov pob zeb ua dua tshiab yuav siv qhov sib txawv ntawm kev ruaj khov thiab, nyob ntawm seb cov khoom xav tau, hloov qhov chaw ntawm cov pob zeb hauv av nrog cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab. Cov khoom sib xyaw xws li cov qoob loo loj, ntsuas qhov nkhaus, lub peev xwm thauj khoom, thiab lwm yam yog khaws cia tsis hloov pauv thiab coj mus rau hauv tus account.
- Task: Txo kev siv cov peev txheej tsawg
- Special feature: ua lub tsev rubble los hloov cov ntxhia aggregates (xuab zeb, gravel, grit)
- Daim ntawv thov piv txwv: nyob ntawm cov chav kawm pob zeb xws li hom pob zeb uas tsis siv cov khoom siv hauv tsev
Spincrete
Spincrete piav qhia txog kev tsim cov axially symmetrical linear Cheebtsam, xws li posts, masts, hlab, thiab lwm yam nyob rau hauv rotating hollow forms.
- Txoj haujlwm: Cov khoom muaj zog heev, nyias-walled Cheebtsam nrog kev ua haujlwm siab los ntawm kev siv lub zog centrifugal
- Special feature: Cov txheej txheem muaj zog heev vim cov khoom xyaw ntawm qhov hnyav sib txawv hauv lub centrifuge
- Piv txwv daim ntawv thov: Hluav taws xob pylons, qhob kav thiab lwm yam.
Self-compacting concrete (SCC)
Kev sib cog lus tsis txaus feem ntau ua rau pom kev thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo hauv cov pob zeb ua ke vim qhov nyuaj rau kev nkag mus rau lub formwork los yog qhov hnyav hnyav heev. Nws tus kheej-compacting pob zeb, ntawm qhov tod tes, tsis tas yuav tsum muaj kev sib txhuam los ntawm kev co lossis tamping.
- Task: Zam kev tsis xws luag, gravel zes, thiab lwm yam. nyob rau hauv nqaim formwork
- Special feature: High uniformity tsis mechanical compaction method vim muaj zog ntxiv ntawm plasticizers thiab teeb tsa retarders
- Piv txwv daim ntawv thov: Cov khoom ua vaj tse nthuav tawm, cov khoom muag muag xws li kab thiab kab teeb, txuas hniav thiab lwm yam.
Qhia ua vaj tse
Rau qee lub sijhawm tam sim no, ntau tus neeg tsim qauv tau paub siv pob zeb ua qhov pom. Txhawm rau kom zoo zoo, nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom muaj qhov chaw tsis muaj cua npuas lossis pob zeb.
- Task: zoo-zoo optical nto
- Special feature: hnyav siv plasticizers, tej zaum kuj muaj xim additives los hloov qhov tsos
- Piv txwv daim ntawv thov: Cov vaj tse nrog cov pob zeb pom, cov qauv tsim xws li txuas hniav, tuav phab ntsa, underpasses thiab lwm yam.
Prestressed qhob
Lub peev xwm thauj khoom ntawm cov pob zeb ib txwm muaj peev xwm tuaj yeem nce ntxiv yog tias tag nrho cov khoom raug muab tso rau hauv qhov nro los ntawm qhov pib nyob rau hauv qhov kev coj rov qab mus rau cov kev taw qhia tom ntej. Peb mam li hais txog qhov hu ua prestressed pob zeb lossis prestressed pob zeb
- Task: nce resilience
- Special feature: Kev txhim kho cov xov hlau nro, nro cables lossis nro rods, uas yog technically tensioned tom qab cov pob zeb hardened (tsuas yog los ntawm screwing)
- Piv txwv daim ntawv thov: Cov qauv kev lag luam, cov qauv tsheb (bridges!)
Stamped qhob
Yog tsis muaj kev txhawb zog thiab tsuas yog compacted los ntawm txhua yam cuam tshuam, stamped pob zeb yog hom qub tshaj plaws ntawm pob zeb. Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv cov tsev uas twb muaj lawm, piv txwv li nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus los yog loj choj ncej.
- Task: Absorbing siab loads, feem ntau nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus Cheebtsam
- Special feature: tsis muaj zog, installation nyob rau hauv cov khaubncaws sab nraud povtseg thiab compaction los ntawm tamping
- Piv txwv daim ntawv thov: Yav tas los rau tag nrho cov khoom vaj khoom tsev, niaj hnub no tseem qee zaus hauv horticulture ua lub hauv paus thiab rau lwm yam subordinate Cheebtsam
Cov chav kawm ua vaj tsev
Hnub no, muaj ntau ntau yam sib txawv kom tau raws nraim qhov xav tau lossis xav tau rau txoj haujlwm. Txhua qhov kev faib tawm suav tias yog ib qho khoom sib txawv. Raws li qhov tshwm sim, cov npe kev siv rau ib qho kev ua vaj tse tam sim no tuaj yeem suav nrog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus sib txawv. Kev faib tawm ib txwm yog:
Compressive zog chav kawm
Qhov kev txiav txim siab rau qhov resilience ntawm lub pob zeb yog lub siab uas nws tuaj yeem tiv taus thaum nws tau teeb tsa. Cov npe zoo yog "C" rau "pob zeb" thiab ob tus lej sib cais los ntawm tus lej. Thawj (me me) qhia txog qhov load hauv N / mm2 rau cov qauv kuaj cylindrical, tus lej thib ob rau cov qauv ntsuas lub voos xwmfab. Common compressive zog chav kawm yog:
- C8/10 (xws li rau cov pob zeb ntshiv rau kev txhim kho me me hauv av, hauv horticulture, thiab lwm yam)
- C12/15
- C16/20
- C20/25
- C25/30 (nrog rau ntau hom kev ua vaj tse, xws li hauv kev tsim vaj tsev classic)
- C30/37 (los ntawm chav kawm no mus txog rau nws feem ntau tsuas yog tsim nrog cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb)
- C35/45
- C40/50
- C50/60
-
C55/67
etc.
- C90/105 (los ntawm no yog tsis muaj kev pom zoo dav dav, yog li yuav tsum tau kev pom zoo nyob rau hauv txhua rooj plaub, ntau lawm technically ua tau raws li spun qhob)
- C100/115
Cov chav kawm raug mob
Txawm li cas los xij, nyob ntawm seb qhov sib xyaw ua ke muaj zog npaum li cas raug cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig, nws yuav tsum muaj peev xwm muab kev tiv thaiv mus ntev rau cov kev cuam tshuam no. Rau lub hom phiaj no, pob zeb tau muab faib ua cov chav kawm sib txawv:
- X0: Unreinforced qhob thiab cov hauv paus tsis muaj Frost, tsis muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev tawm tsam rau pob zeb thiab / lossis kev txhawb nqa
- XC (1-4): Sab hauv lossis lub hauv paus Cheebtsam nrog cov av noo siab (lub pas dej da dej, ruaj khov, ntxhua khaub ncaws, thiab lwm yam), qhib cov qauv
- XD (1-4): Cheebtsam nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tsuag pos huab ntawm cheeb tsam tsheb, txoj kev, brine da dej
- XS (1-3): Cov khoom sab nrauv nyob ze ntawm ntug dej hiav txwv, nrog rau cov chaw nres nkoj, phab ntsa quay, thiab lwm yam.
- XF (1-4): Cov chaw tsheb raug kho nrog de-icing agents, seawater components, scraper lem
- XA (1-3): Cheebtsam raug tshuaj lom neeg, xws li cov dej khib nyiab kho cog tso tsheb hlau luam, kua quav tso tsheb hlau luam, fermentation pub silos
- XM (1-3): Hnav kev ntxhov siab, xws li: ntawm cov plag tsev ua haujlwm
Tsis tas li ntawd, plaub chav kawm zoo W0, FW, FA thiab WS piav qhia txog cov pob zeb zoo rau cov khoom uas raug dej noo.
Kev sib raug zoo
Nyob ntawm qhov xav tau siv, pob zeb muaj qee yam txaus los yog cov khoom ruaj khov yuav tsim nyog:
- C0: nruj heev, tsis DIN EN206
- F1:stiff
- F2: yas
- F3: mos
- F4: mos heev
- F5:flowable
- F6: txaus luag heev
- F6: SCC (self-compressing)
Aggregate
Raws li qhov yuav tsum tau muaj, qhov sib txawv sib txawv tuaj yeem siv rau cov pob zeb. Qhov sib txawv yog ua los ntawm cov xuab zeb pob zeb, pob zeb pob zeb lossis chipped pob zeb. Cov nplej loj siv yog qhia los ntawm qhov siab tshaj plaws txoj kab uas hla (Dmax).
Graphic ceev
Nyob ntawm qhov ntom ntawm cov pob zeb, nws muab faib ua peb pawg.
- Lub teeb pob zeb
- Normal concrete
- Heavy Concrete
Txhua yam ntawm cov pawg no tau muab faib ua cov chav kawm raw khoom los ntawm DDIN EN206, los ntawm qhov ntom ntom ntom ntom. Rau cov pob zeb sib sib zog nqus, piv txwv li, muaj 6 bulk ntom chav kawm D1, 0 txog D2, 0, qhov twg D2, 0 txhais tau hais tias qhov ntom ntom ntawm 1,800 thiab 2,000 kilograms ib cubic meter ntawm pob zeb. Qhov ntau ntom ntawm cov pob zeb tseem ceeb yog qhov tseem ceeb rau qhov hnyav ntawm cov khoom, tab sis kuj yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev thauj khoom los ntawm cov pob zeb ua ke.
Tswj lub npe
Ib qho sib xyaw ua ke tsis tas yuav tsum tau muab cais tawm hauv txhua chav kawm. Qee lub sij hawm nws txaus los txiav txim siab, piv txwv li, cov khoom thauj thiab cov chav kawm raug, thaum qhov ceev thiab cov nplej loj tsis cuam tshuam rau kev siv. Ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke rau lub hauv paus, xws li cov hauv paus, hauv pem teb slabs, thiab lwm yam yog kwv yees li:
C25/30 XC1
Qhov no yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm nruab nrab lub peev xwm uas tsis tshua muaj kev tiv thaiv rau cov dej noo, xws li tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov khoom qub hauv kev sib cuag nrog hauv av yam tsis tau nias hauv av, thiab lwm yam.
