Granite yog cov khoom siv hauv tsev tshwj xeeb uas yuav tsum tsis txhob ntsia tsis muaj cov lus qhia ntxaws ntxaws. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tuaj yeem ua qhov pom zoo tshaj plaws qhib tso ntawm granite slabs koj tus kheej, txawm tias muaj cov txheej txheem:
Puas koj cov pob zeb granite slab npog xav tau ib lub substructure?
1. Yog hais tias lub npog ua los ntawm granite slabs raug rau hnyav loads, xws li. Yog hais tias, piv txwv li, cov tsheb yuav tsum tau tsav rau ntawm, qhov chaw no kuj xav tau ib tug resilient substructure:
- Raws li txheej txheej txheej rau tsheb, yam tsawg 25 cm ntawm gravel-xuab zeb sib tov (grain loj 0/32) yuav tsum tau siv nyob rau hauv lub nto
- Tau thaj chaw kom tau pav av ntawm qhov tob uas xav tau
- Rau lub hauv paus txheej uas tuaj yeem tsav tau, koj yuav tsum khawb 29 txog 31 cm nyob ntawm seb lub txaj + thickness ntawm cov slabs (tsawg kawg 3 cm)
- Txoj kev gradient yuav tsum tau tsim kom cov dej nag ntws tawm
- Feem ntau yog 2.5 feem pua gradient yog teem
- Cov pob zeb-xuab zeb sib tov yog tam sim no sib npaug zos rau saum
- Compact txheej no nrog vibrator
- Cov txaj, 4 mus rau 6 cm ntawm crushed xuab zeb los yog nplua chippings, muab tso rau hauv lub hauv paus txheej.
- txheej txheej txheej no yog muab faib ua kab rov tav siv lub lath aluminium ntev
- Qhov no hu ua rub, yav tas los nteg rub cov hlau los yog hlua ntawm ob sab ua haujlwm pab
- txheej no kuj yog compacted thiab sau dua yog tsim nyog
- Nco ntsoov qhov muag ntawm qhov xav tau gradient
2. Yog hais tias cov granite slabs tsuas yog siv los ntawm cov neeg taug kev, nyob ib ncig ntawm 15 cm ntawm lub hauv paus txheej yog txaus. Piv txwv li, rau granite patio slabs, uas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws nteg xoob ntawm ib lub txaj ntawm gravel los yog xuab zeb. Ntawm no, qhov hnyav ntawm granite slabs xyuas kom meej tias cov slabs ruaj ntseg, thiab lub hauv paus txheej ntawm cov xuab zeb los yog gravel ua kom cov dej ntws zoo, uas yog qhov tsim nyog kiag li kom cov granite slabs tsis raug kev puas tsuaj rau lub sijhawm ntev. Yuav ua li cas mus ntxiv:
- Lub ntiaj teb subsoil excavated mus rau qhov tob ntawm nees nkaum centimeters
- Ntawm no, ib yam nkaus, me ntsis txoj kab nqes yog qhia rau cov dej ntws
- Npog qhov chaw nrog cov ntaub yog tias hauv qab ntawm qhov khawb av ntub lossis xoob
- Tau thaj tsam nrog thawj txheej ntawm 5cm gravel
- Compact txheej no, koj xav tau lub vibrator ua qhov no
- Tau qhov thib ob thiab zaum kawg txheej ntawm nplua chippings
- Cov txheej no yog compacted dua
- Yog tias qhov siab ntawm lub txaj yog qhov tseeb (ntsuas nrog cov lus qhia thiab qib siab ntawm tus ntsuj plig), qhov kev txiav tawm hauv qab no raug txiav:
- Xim txheej txheej ncaj nrog lub squeegee (siv rau hauv tus account lub inclination)
- Lwm txoj kev yog tso rau ntawm lub phaj txhawb nqa, uas yog raws li cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia
3. Yog tias koj xav nteg granite slabs ntawm pob zeb, koj tuaj yeem hla lub tswv yim tias nws tsis tuaj yeem ua tau. Qhov ntawd tsis yog qhov tseeb, tab sis qhov yuav tsum tau ua ua ntej yog qhov pob zeb ua kom zoo thiab muaj qhov xav tau gradient. Txawm li cas los xij, txoj kab nqes feem ntau yog nyob sab nraum zoov, yog li koj tuaj yeem yooj yim nteg cov granite slabs rau ntawm pob zeb. Nws yuav tsum xub pleev xim rau nrog ib tug tshwj xeeb nplaum primer, ces ib tug formwork thav duab tsawg kawg yog 10 cm siab yog nailed nyob ib ncig ntawm lub pob zeb nto, ces lub txaj tuaj yeem ntsia tau. Yog tias tus ncej yuav tsum tau hloov tom qab los ntawm ciam teb, nws yuav tsum tau permeable rau dej.
Tau Granite Vuas
Tam sim no koj tuaj yeem pib tso cov granite slabs, yog tias tsim nyog ua raws li cov chaw tsim khoom cov lus qhia rau ib lub koom haum tshwj xeeb. Cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no siv rau txhua qhov kev teeb tsa:
- Pib tso rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm ib lub ces kaum
- Yog yuav ua ib txoj kev, cov curbs feem ntau yog tso ua ntej
- Muab cov vaj huam sib luag thiab ua ntej sib dhos txhua tus vaj huam sib luag horizontally hla cov kev taw qhia ntawm txoj kab nqes
- Rau lub vaj huam sib luag tom ntej, saum npoo yog leveled nrog roj hmab mallet kom txog rau thaum cov npoo yog txawm
- Qhov dav sib koom ua ke yuav tsum zoo ib yam rau txhua lub vaj huam sib luag; spacers lossis nquag kuaj nrog cov trowel tuaj yeem pab nrog qhov no
- Nyob rau hauv nruab nrab, koj yuav tsum nco ntsoov xyuas seb tag nrho cov saum npoo yog nteg tusyees thiab kab rov tav
Grouting granite slabs
Tseem muaj kev sib faib tawm tswv yim txog grouting granite slabs:
- Tus "Lords ntawm lub pob zeb" nyob rau hauv lub granite Hoobkas pom zoo qhib los yog xuab zeb-filled pob qij txha ntawm tsawg kawg yog 0.5 cm dav, uas mus tas li tiv thaiv lub pob zeb los ntawm chipped npoo
- Cov tuam txhab horticultural tau pom zoo kom sib koom ua ke, uas yuav tiv thaiv kev loj hlob ntawm cov nroj tsuag
- Cov neeg tsim khoom ntawm grout ib txwm qhia tawm tsam qhib pob qij txha (vim muaj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm cov pob qij txha raug ntxuav tawm) txhawm rau muag grout.
Hnub no, txawm nyob rau thaj chaw pej xeem, kev saib xyuas tau tsim kom muaj cov pob qij txha ntsuab ntau li ntau tau. Txhua tus uas tau mus rau saum toj no paub tias muab tso rau hauv ib qho kev sib koom ua ke yuav tsis tiv thaiv cov nroj tsuag kom loj hlob. Thiab cov pob qij txha ntxuav tawm, lawv tshwm sim thaum muaj cua daj cua dub, yeej thaum muaj nag xob nag cua, tab sis nrog cov nag hauv German.
Qhib cov pob zeb hauv pob zeb-xuab zeb txaj tso cai rau pom, thiab txhua tus tau hnov tias seepage yog qhov zoo. Lwm txoj hauv kev yuav tsis tsuas yog cuam tshuam nrog grouting, tsuas yog granite slabs nteg rau ntawm ib lub txaj ntawm mortar yuav grouted nrog grout, uas ua rau ib qho chaw kaw los ntawm cov nag los rau hauv cov kav dej phwj tuaj. Muaj ntau qhov kev sib cav tawm tsam xws li qhov chaw kaw thiab hauv kev pom zoo ntawm seepage, saib kab lus tom ntej. Ib qho tuaj yeem hais tias qhov kev tsis sib haum xeeb tam sim no tau txiav txim siab meej: sab nraum zoov granite slabs tau muab tso rau hauv ib lub txaj ntawm pob zeb lossis xuab zeb thiab nruab nrog cov pob qij txha uas tsis muaj kev sib khi. Cov pob qij txha no yuav tsum tau ntim nrog cov xuab zeb lossis cov chipping zoo, qhov no txhawb nqa cov dej ntws tawm vim tias cov nyhuv me ntsis capillary ntawm qhov txhaws ua rau cov dej ntws los ntawm cov pob qij txha thiab yog li tiv thaiv nws los ntawm kev ntxuav los yog ntxuav tawm. Cov pob qij txha yog ntim nrog xuab zeb los yog nplua grit; Cov xuab zeb zoo 0 - 2 hli, diabase crushed xuab zeb, bas alt hmoov, quartz xuab zeb los yog crushed txiv qaub xuab zeb. Koj paub cov xim ntawm cov xuab zeb ib txwm, cov xuab zeb bas alt ua rau cov pob qij txha tsaus, quartz thiab txiv qaub xuab zeb ua rau cov pob qij txha dawb.
How to grout:
- Bas alt hmoov yog ib rooj plaub tshwj xeeb, nws yog rhais qhuav rau hauv cov pob qij txha thiab txhuam hauv
- Txwv tsis pub: Tshaj tawm cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke hauv ib txheej ntawm kwv yees li 5 hli ntawm granite slabs thiab slurry hauv
- Sludging: ntub dej kom zoo nrog lub dav hlau zoo los ntawm lub vaj hose.
- Saw cov dej ntub dej rau hauv cov pob qij txha nrog tus pas txhuam hniav
- Siv txhuam kom taug qab txhua txoj kab sib txuas yam tsis siv lub siab
- Sweep hauv lub filling maj mam thiab ua tib zoo rov mus txog qhov siab ntawm phaj
- Thaj chaw tam sim no tso cai kom qhuav, cov xuab zeb ntau dhau raug tshem tawm nrog tus pas (thiab sau)
- Cov tiav granite slabs yog shaken tus sib npaug ntawm tag nrho cov nto
- Tom qab ntawd koj tuaj yeem ntxuav thaj chaw:
- Cov vaj huam sib luag saum npoo yog txau nrog lub dav hlau muaj zog dej
- Ntawm ib lub kaum ntse ntse thiab tsis tau nyob rau hauv txoj kev uas koj tsoo ib tug ntev ntev mus txog rau thaum tag nrho cov xuab zeb residue raug tshem tawm tag nrho
- Tom qab ob mus rau plaub lub lis piam, grouting yog nqa tawm, piv txwv li ntub filling compound ntxiv dua
- Tam sim no cov npoo tuaj yeem txuas rau sab
- Qhov no yuav e.g. B. ua nrog mortar, uas yog siv diagonally rau ntawm ntug ntawm paving nrog ib tug trowel (hu ua rov qab them nyiaj yug)
- Koj tuaj yeem npog txoj kab nqes nrog curbs, uas tsim kom muaj ntug zoo nkauj heev
Yog koj e.g. Piv txwv li, yog tias koj nteg thaj chaw terrace nrog granite slabs, ces koj yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab seb koj puas yuav tsum muab khi los yog impregnate qhov chaw, tab sis qhov ntawd yog lwm lub ntsiab lus ntawm nws tus kheej uas tsis yooj yim kiag li.
Koj puas xav tau lub txaj txaj thiab mortar pob qij txha?
Qhov kev teeb tsa saum toj no yog txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws ntawm kev tso granite slabs. Tseem lossis nce tus qauv niaj hnub no; Granite slabs nyob rau hauv ib lub txaj xoob react elastically rau static thiab dynamic loads, yog li qhov kub thiab txias yuav txo tau yooj yim. Qhov saum npoo kuj tseem permeable rau dej, ib qho txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj qhov kev teeb tsa uas tsis yog permeable, txawm tias me ntsis ntawm kev sib koom ua ke yuav "poob" dhau sijhawm thiab txawm tias cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem nyob hauv cov pob qij txha (qhov no feem ntau txhob txwm sown hnub no). Qhov "txheej txheem tso" no yog qhov sib txawv nrog "txheej txheej," uas lub txaj txaj thiab cov pob qij txha muaj cov cement mortar nrog additives. Xws li kev sib koom ua ke yog ib txwm xav tau vim tias nws zoo li zoo huv si, tab sis nws yog qhov nyuaj heev: koj yuav tsum siv cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb deformation-stable puag txheej uas tseem muaj tsawg heev los yogtuaj yeem tiv taus qhov hluav taws xob, qhov no tsuas yog pom zoo rau cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb.
Tseem muaj ntau qhov kev sib cav zoo rau kev teeb tsa unbound:
- Peb tab tom tsim, thaj chaw ntuj raug kaw los tsim cov dej tsis zoo
- Thaum los nag los rau ntawm thaj chaw no, cov dej nag no tsis dhau los ntawm cov txheej hauv ntiaj teb thiab tuaj txog huv hauv av
- Tab sis yog coj ncaj qha mus rau hauv cov kav dej phwj uas tsis muaj dej hauv av rov qab
- Cov dej nag ntau dhau yog coj los ntawm cov kav dej mus rau hauv lub cev ze tshaj plaws ntawm cov dej, uas ua rau muaj kuab paug tsis zoo los ntawm cov dej nag tsis kho
- Cov dej nag no tseem poob dej hauv av; cov dej hauv av twb poob rau ntau thaj tsam
- Tsuas yog 0.3% ntawm tag nrho ib ncig ntawm 1.5 billion cubic meters ntawm dej ntawm peb ntiaj chaw yog siv tau dej haus
- Txawm tias nyob hauv lub tebchaws Yelemes muaj dej nplua nuj, cov dej haus huv tsis txwv tsis pub dhau
- Cov laj thawj zoo ua kom txhua thaj chaw haum rau kev nkag mus qhov twg qhov no ua tau; qhov no kuj txhim kho kev nyab xeeb hauv nroog
- Infiltration kuj txuag koj nyiaj vim koj them cov dej uas ntws los ntawm koj tej vaj tse mus rau hauv lub kav dej
- Tso rau cov dej nag huv, hauv Berlin piv txwv li. B. tus nqi dej nag ntawm € 1,804 ib m² ntawm qhov dej ntws
Qhov zoo ntawm sab nraum zoov granite slabs
Koj puas tseem tos tos, granite slabs kim heev? Nov yog qee qhov kev sib cav rau qhov chaw zoo nkauj:
- Natural pob zeb yog qhov qub thiab ruaj khov heev uas pom cov xim tib yam tau ntau xyoo
- Granite muaj ntau yam xim sib txawv uas tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv ntau hom kev sib txuas
- Nyob ntawm qhov chaw, granite slabs tuaj yeem tshwm sim ua si thiab cus ciav, nyob twj ywm thiab ncaj nraim, niaj hnub - txhua yam yog ua tau
- Tus nqi zoo nkauj ntawm txoj kev granite yog qhov tseeb siab dua li ntawm txoj kev ua vaj tse, thiab nws kuj yooj yim rau kev tswj:
- Granite tiv taus abrasion, yooj yim los ntxuav, tiv taus stains, embers, luam yeeb
- Aging granite slabs nws thiaj li tsim lawv tus kheej ntxim nyiam
- Granite slabs muaj nyob rau hauv cov chaw uas ib txwm nyob twj ywm tsis plam thiab yooj yim rau tuav, txhuam, flamed los yog bush-hammered, piv txwv li
- Thaum cov pob zeb ua kom tsis txhob muaj kev nplua thaum muaj dej lwg lossis qee qhov ntsuab loj hlob
Lub pob zeb ntuj, thaum yuav tshiab, yog kim dua li pob zeb pob zeb, koj yuav tsum xav tias tsawg kawg yog € 50 ib square meter rau qhov feem ntau yuav tsum tau thickness tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 3 cm. Txawm li cas los xij, koj tsis tas yuav yuav cov granite slabs tshiab; granite slabs kuj muaj nyob rau hauv cov khw muag khoom tsim cov ntaub ntawv keeb kwm, feem ntau ntawm tib tus nqi ib square meter ua pob zeb paving lossis txawm tias pheej yig dua.
Granite slabs ua ke nrog granite paving pob zeb
Yog tias koj tseem xav txog qhov twg paving nws yuav tsum yog - ntawm no yog kev faib tawm ntawm granite slabs thiab granite paving. Granite yog ib lub pob zeb ntuj, granite slabs yog ib qho ntawm ntau hom uas ntuj pob zeb paving yog ua. Lub ntuj pob zeb paving muaj qee cov npe npe nyob ntawm qhov loj ntawm lub pob zeb:
Granite paving
Granite rau paving yog muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam variations, ntawm no yog cov ntau thiab nquag siv pavings uas muaj ntxiv rau cov granite slabs ua los ntawm granite:
- Mosaic plaster: plaster me me, yog tam sim no tshuab tsim, ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg 4 cm (3/5), 5 cm (4/6), 6 cm (5/7) thiab 7 cm (6/8)
- Cov pob zeb me me: Cov pob zeb square tshwj tsis yog rau qhov ntev, qhov ntau thiab tsawg 8 cm (7/9), 8.5 cm (7/10), 9 cm (8/10), 9.5 cm (8/11) thiab 10 cm (9/11)
- Loj pob zeb paving (colloquially cobblestone): Cov pob zeb loj loj nrog ntug ntev ntawm 14 cm (13/15), 16 cm (15/17) thiab 18 cm (17/19)
- Cov lej hauv cov kab ntawv qhia qhov ntev los ntawm qhov ntev ntawm ntug yuav txawv; lub pob zeb ntuj tsis tuaj yeem tawg tau meej
Granite slabs
Nrog cov granite slabs koj twb tau xaiv ib tug tshwj xeeb natural pob zeb paving, uas kuj muaj tshwj xeeb cov kev cai. Nov yog ib qho kev piav qhia, suav nrog yuav ua li cas sib txawv ntawm granite slabs thiab granite paving:
- "Slabs ua los ntawm ntuj pob zeb rau thaj chaw sab nraum zoov - cov kev cai thiab kev sim" yog tswj nyob rau hauv DIN EN 1341: 2013-03 (paving pob zeb, ntuj pob zeb, sab nraum zoov: DIN EN 1342)
- Granite slabs yog li ntawd ntuj pob zeb slabs "qhov nominal dav tshaj 2 npaug ntawm thickness"
- Yog qhov piv tsis tau tiav, cov slabs hu ua "paving slabs"
- Lub pob zeb paving yog "natural pob zeb rau paving, qhov ntev lossis qhov dav uas tsis tshaj ob npaug ntawm qhov tuab thiab qhov ntev tsis tshaj ob npaug ntawm qhov dav"
- Qhov ntau thiab tsawg rau granite slabs: 30 x 30, 30 x 40, 40 x 40, 40 x 60 thiab 60 x 60 cm, qhov loj dua, qhov nrawm dua
Tej khoom tseem ceeb
Muaj ob peb lwm yam los xav txog thaum yuav granite slabs:
- Yog tias koj yuav cov granite tshiab, koj yuav tsum thov pob zeb uas muaj kev lees paub tias nws tau ua tsis muaj menyuam yaus
- Qhov kev cog lus yeem / daim ntawv pov thawj ntawm Asian natural stone exporters yuav tsum tau saib ntau dua
- Cov ntawv pov thawj thoob ntiaj teb lees paub xws li Xertifix lossis Fair Stone muaj kev ruaj ntseg ntau dua
- Daim ntawv pov thawj los ntawm UNICEF lossis UNESCO yog cuav, ob lub koom haum tsis muab khoom plig pob zeb foob pob zeb
- Cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no yuav tsum suav nrog thaum yuav khoom:
- Designation: lub npe lag luam, lub npe petrographic, xim xim, qhov chaw ntawm lub hauv paus chiv keeb (tej zaum yuav tau teev tseg siv GPS tswj)
- Lub npe petrographic yog lub npe scientific ntawm pob zeb
- Ib qho ntxiv, DIN E 1341 yuav tsum kuaj cov dej nqus dej, kev ceev thiab qhib porosity; hom yuav tsum tau teev tseg
- Dimensional tolerances nyob rau hauv ob peb cov lus qhia yuav tsum tau qhia: tso cai deviations nyob rau hauv lub vaj huam sib luag qhov ntev, kab pheeb ces kaum thiab thickness, tso cai flatness deviations nyob rau hauv pom qhov chaw thiab ntug
- Cov ntaub ntawv ntxiv hais txog kev kuaj lub voj voog khov-thaw, khoov lub zog, puas ua haujlwm thiab tuav tau
- Ib daim ntawv nrog cov kam rau ua raws li DIN EN 1341 tuaj yeem pom ntawm granitpflasternaturstein.de/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Granit Platten-Masstoleren.pdf
- Natural pob zeb slabs muaj nrog ntau yam, precisely txhais nto raws li DIN EN 1341:
- Finely machined: nto ua tiav siv pob zeb thev naus laus zis uas muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 1 mm nrug ntawm lub apex thiab qhov qis tshaj plaws (xws li sawn, av).
- Roughly processed: Surface processed using stone technology on which is a distance of more than 1 mm between the apex and the lowest point (xws li bush-hammered, flamed, blasted)
Conclusion
Granite slabs thaum nteg unbound tshwm sim nyob rau hauv check thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm zoo-variable npog. Kev tsim cov vaj huam sib luag zoo nkauj thiab kav ntev yog ib qho yooj yim rau cov neeg ua-nws-koj tus kheej; tus nqi siab ntawm kev yuav khoom tshiab yog amortized dhau sijhawm.
