Gable ru tsev los ntawm A-Z: Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov qauv, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo thiab kev xav

Cov txheej txheem:

Gable ru tsev los ntawm A-Z: Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov qauv, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo thiab kev xav
Gable ru tsev los ntawm A-Z: Cov ntaub ntawv hais txog cov qauv, qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo thiab kev xav
Anonim

Lub ru tsev gable tau pom nyob rau hauv ntau thaj tsam ntawm kab lis kev cai thiab nyob rau ntau yam ntawm lub tsev typologies rau ntau txhiab xyoo. Qhov no keeb kwm tsim thiab nyob rau tib lub sij hawm siv ntau yam yog tsis coincidence. Vim hais tias lub ru tsev gable impresses nrog nws enormous yooj thiab changeability. Txhua yam koj xav paub txog lub ru tsev archetype, uas tseem nrov heev niaj hnub no, tuaj yeem pom ntawm no.

Lub hauv paus ntawm lub ru tsev gable

Lub hauv paus chiv keeb ntawm lub ru tsev gable tsis paub meej thiab twb ploj lawm nyob rau hauv prehistoric theem. Tej zaum nws tau tshwm sim ntawm nws tus kheej hauv ntau haiv neeg, lossis cov theem ua ntej kab lis kev cai. Yog vim li cas qhov no yog li ntawd tau yooj yim piav qhia los ntawm saib nws cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim tshaj plaws ntawm kev tsim kho. Yog tias koj lean ob tug ncej, ceg lossis lwm yam kev txhawb nqa rau ib leeg, koj twb muaj ntu ntawm lub ru tsev gable. Npog nrog cov khoom siv ntom ntom, nws muaj qhov xav tsis thoob ntawm qhov chaw nyob rau hauv kev sib raug zoo nrog rau kev sib koom tes thiab tib lub sijhawm kom ntseeg tau tias cov dej nag tau ntws tawm kom nyab xeeb. Tau kawg, cov ntaub ntawv thiab qhov ntev tau hloov pauv ntau dhau ntawm keeb kwm, tab sis cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm kev ua haujlwm tseem tsis hloov mus rau hnub no. Nws yog qhov yooj yim kom nkag siab tias lub ru tsev zoo thiab kev siv nyiaj txiag no tseem tuaj yeem pom ntawm feem ntau ntawm cov tsev tsim niaj hnub no.

Kev tsim kho thiab statics

Los ntawm cov qauv kev pom, muaj ob lub tshuab rau niaj hnub gable ru tsev kom ntseeg tau tias kev tsim kho ruaj khov thiab ua tau raws li txhua qhov yuav tsum tau ua rau qhov chaw sab hauv, lub peev xwm thauj khoom thiab cov qauv ntawm thermal rwb thaiv tsev thiab sealing.

Nkauj lub ru tsev

Gable ru tsev - ru tsev rafter
Gable ru tsev - ru tsev rafter

Lub ru tsev rafter tseem nyob ze heev rau cov duab ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus txhawb nqa ib leeg, uas twb tau piav qhia thaum tsim. Nyob rau hauv ib lub ru tsev rafter, cov rafters tawm tsam ib leeg txhawb ib leeg thiab, ua ke nrog cov khoom txhawb nqa hauv qab, piv txwv li qab nthab los yog phab ntsa, tsim ib tus kheej kheej kheej thiab txhawb nqa daim duab peb sab. Teem ib kab nyob rau hauv yuav luag txhua tus lej, cov duab peb sab ntawm cov kabmob no tsim lub ru tsev gable. Tus naj npawb ntawm cov qauv tsim nyog yog tswj tau nrog daim ntawv no ntawm gable ru:

  • Threshold:

    forms qhov kev txhawb nqa qis ntawm cov rafters thiab tib lub sij hawm qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm cov phab ntsa hauv qab lossis qab nthab thiab lub ru tsev

  • Rafters

    txhawb cov ntsiab lus, txhua tus ua khub hauv qhov kev tawm tsam

  • Nyob zoo

    yuav tsum tau nyob rau hauv lub longitudinal kev taw qhia ntawm lub ridge, niaj hnub no feem ntau raws li kab pheeb ces kaum cua panicle bands, los yog raws li ib tug statically zoo, tiaj tus sub-ru tsev

NOTE:

Los ntawm qhov kev pom zoo li qub, lub voj voog tsis tsim nyog rau lub ru tsev rafter. Yuav kom tsim tau lub tsev lub hnab ntawv nyob rau hauv ib tug structurally huv si nyob rau hauv lub Upper sib koom taw tes ntawm lub ru tsev nto, ib tug ridge beam los yog ib tug ntsug ridge plank feem ntau yog tsim. Piv txwv li, qhov no txhawb nqa cov nplais pobzeb ntawm cov pobzeb ru tsev, lossis cov phaj phaj ntawm cov ntawv ci, cov ntawv hlau lossis cov ru tsev ntsuab.

Lub ru tsev purlin

Gable roof - purlin roof
Gable roof - purlin roof

Piv rau lub ru tsev rafter, lub ru tsev purlin zoo nkaus li complex nyob rau hauv nws cov kev tsim kho, tab sis vim nws txuas ntxiv simplicity thiab adaptability nws yog tseem kom meej meej qauv thiab yooj yim piv rau ntau lwm yam ru tsev duab. Ntawm no ib yam nkaus, lub hauv paus tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv txhawb nqa yog lub ru tsev rafters. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tsis txhawb ib leeg, tab sis tsuas yog hloov cov khoom ntawm lub ru tsev saum npoo mus rau cov qauv txhawb nqa. Cov loads raug xa mus los ntawm tsawg kawg yog ob, tab sis feem ntau peb, cov ntsiab lus thauj khoom ntawm ib lub rafter: qhov pib lossis ko taw purlin, nruab nrab purlin thiab ridge. Lub ntsiab lus ntawm cov ntsiab lus zoo statically yog li zoo sib xws, tab sis ntev me ntsis, dua li lub ru tsev rafter:

  • Threshold

    Base of the rafter layer and connection to the building below

  • Center purlin

    Kev txhawb nqa nruab nrab thiab kev thauj mus los xav tau rau qhov ntev rafter loj, txawm tias muab tso rau ntawm cov qauv ntoo lossis ua cov phab ntsa sab hauv hauv lub ru tsev

  • First

    kev txhawb nqa sab sauv thiab thauj khoom xa tawm ntawm cov rafters, feem ntau muab tso rau ntawm phab ntsa gable thiab kev txhawb nqa lossis phab ntsa sab hauv qhov chaw nruab nrab ntawm lawv

NOTE:

Los ntawm qhov kev pom zoo li qub, kev siv lub hauv paus purlin tig lub rafter los ntawm ib qho kev ncua sij hawm so ntawm ob lub ntsiab lus mus rau ntau qhov nqaj ntawm peb lub ntsiab lus. Tsis tsuas yog lub load faib ntau lub ntsiab lus txhawb nqa, lub deflection ntawm tus neeg teb kuj tseem txo qis ntxiv vim qhov kev koom tes ntawm cov neeg nyob sib ze. Nrog rau lub hauv paus purlin, lub rafter tuaj yeem txo qis hauv ntu ntu uas xav tau thiab, tag nrho, txawm tias cov khoom siv tsawg dua yuav tsum tsis muaj lub hauv paus purlin!

Kev sib khi

Ntxiv rau qhov ruaj khov, lub ru tsev yeej ib txwm muaj kev tiv thaiv huab cua. Niaj hnub no, ntxiv rau kev nruj tiv thaiv los nag, qhov no tseem suav nrog kev nruj tiv thaiv cua thiab dej vapor, uas nkag mus rau hauv cov qauv ntawm huab cua hauv chav tsev thiab tuaj yeem ua rau cov dej noo thiab pwm puas. Classically, lub ru tsev gable muaj ob theem sib khi:

1. Internal sealing

  • Task: Diffusion nruj ntawm sab hauv mus rau sab nraud, nrog rau qib airtight
  • feem ntau yog siv rau sab hauv txheej rafter
  • Yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv lub ntsiab rwb thaiv tsev pob

2. Sab nrauv sealing

  • Task: Sealing tiv nag
  • Tsim sab nraum cov txheej rwb thaiv tsev
  • tuaj yeem ua ke nrog rwb thaiv tsev (xws li cov ntoo fiber ntau board) lossis ru tsev npog (xws li cov ntawv hlau lossis cov ntawv ci ru tsev), lossis ua ib txheej (piv txwv li vov tsev)
  • Yuav tsum yog txheej dej-dej rau cov ntaub npog uas tsis nruj kiag li (xws li cib) thaum los nag lossis daus raug thawb hauv qab cib los ntawm cua

Thermal rwb thaiv tsev

Txawm li cas los xij ntawm lub ru tsev, lub ntsiab lus ntawm thermal rwb thaiv tsev plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb niaj hnub no. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov no tshwm sim los ntawm kev cai lij choj thiab cov nqi hluav taws xob tas li. Ntawm qhov tod tes, kev rwb thaiv tsev tsuas yog tsim nyog niaj hnub no vim tias cov chaw ru tsev feem ntau kuj muaj cov chav nyob uas yav tas los tsuas yog tsis muaj cua sov thiab chav cia khoom.

Dwarf roof - gable roof
Dwarf roof - gable roof

Lub ru tsev gable yog hloov tau yooj yim thiab kev koom tes thaum nws los txog rau thermal rwb thaiv tsev: feem ntau ntawm cov rwb thaiv tsev yuav tsum tau nyob nruab nrab ntawm cov load-bearing rafters. Tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau ib qho kev rwb thaiv tsev nyob qhov twg cov rafters yog, tab sis cov nyhuv insulating ntawm cov khoom siv feem ntau, ntoo, ib leeg yog txaus kom ua tiav cov rwb thaiv tsev zoo. Cov pob rwb thaiv tsev no tuaj yeem ntxiv nrog cov txheej rwb thaiv tsev ntawm txheej rafter lossis txawm nyob rau hauv qab. Cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev feem ntau yog cov no:

Rau rwb thaiv tsev ntawm rafters:

  • Mineral wool (yav tas los iav ntaub plaub, tam sim no pob zeb wool)
  • Cellulose rwb thaiv tsev
  • Ecologically sensible rwb thaiv tsev cov ntaub ntawv, xws li yaj cov ntaub plaub, hemp thiab lwm yam.
  • softwood fiberboard

NOTE:

Kev siv qhov ruaj khov, tsis hloov pauv ntawm cov rafters yuav ua tau, tab sis cov pob qij txha tsim los ntawm shrinkage thiab txav ntawm cov ntoo rafters yuav ua rau muaj kev txo qis hauv cov nyhuv rwb thaiv tsev.

Rau sab saum toj thiab hauv qab rafter rwb thaiv tsev:

  • Cov ntaub ntawv rwb thaiv tsev mos xws li rwb thaiv tsev ntawm rafters, tom qab ntawd txhawb cov ntoo rau lub ru tsev lossis sab hauv cladding xav tau
  • Plastic foams li dimensionally ruaj khov rwb thaiv tsev txheej rau cov ru tsev npog tuaj yeem siv yam tsis muaj kev txhawb nqa cov qauv
  • Stable thiab siab-resistant softwood fiber boards

Qhov kom zoo dua ntawm rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov rafters yog lub ru tsev qauv me me. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias cov rafters yuav tsum nyob twj ywm pom, tag nrho cov rwb thaiv tsev tuaj yeem muab tso rau ntawm cov qauv txhawb nqa. Nyob ntawm cov khoom siv rwb thaiv tsev, nws yuav tsim nyog los tsim cov qib kev txhawb nqa hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov ntoo formwork uas cov txheej rwb thaiv tsev so.

Roofing

Lub ru tsev gable tuaj yeem tsim nrog yuav luag txhua lub ru tsev npog ntawm kev ua lag luam niaj hnub no. Tab sis cov khoom siv hauv tsev tseem tuaj yeem siv tau, coj cov kev cai niaj hnub rau kev nruj thiab thermal rwb thaiv tsev rau hauv tus account:

  • Historic thatch, straw thiab reed coverings
  • Cib thiab pob zeb vov vuas
  • Sheet hlau (txhuas, tooj liab, titanium zinc thiab lwm yam)
  • ru tsev foil, nrog pob zeb lossis cov nroj tsuag ntawm qhov chaw tiaj tus

Cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb niaj hnub ntawm lub ru tsev npog tuaj yeem qee zaum txawm tias muab cov kabmob, insulating thiab sealing yam. Piv txwv li, yog tias cov khoom siv sandwich siv los ua cov npog, tsis tas yuav tsum muaj cov khoom thauj khoom hauv qab, xws li rafters, raws li cov khoom vaj huam sib luag ntawm lub voj voog, nruab nrab purlin thiab qhov chaw pib tuaj yeem txhawb nqa lawv tus kheej. Tsis tas yuav tsum tau rwb thaiv tsev thiab sealing ntawm no.

Nkauj tawm tshiab

Lub ru tsev classic gable yog symmetrical thiab muaj tib txoj kab nqes ntawm ob lub ru tsev. Muaj peev xwm inclinations nyob ntawm lub ru tsev zoo li siv thiab kuj yuav muaj kev hloov pauv nyob ntawm kev zam thiab kev siv lub ru tsev qhov chaw.

Slopes nyob ntawm qhov npog:

  • Cib thiab pob zeb:

    nyob ntawm lub cib mus txog 15°, tus qauv txawm 10° ua tau

  • Slide:

    theoretically 0° ua tau, tab sis raws li cov lus qhia ntawm lub ru tsev tiaj tus yam tsawg 2° (tom qab ntawd tsis yog lub ru tsev gable tiag)

  • Sheet hlau:

    tsawg kawg 5°

  • Historical tsev khoom:

    tsis muaj qhov tshwj xeeb yam tsawg kawg nkaus raws li DIN tus qauv muaj, tab sis feem ntau yog cov inclines siab heev kom hloov dej nag los ntawm kev nkag mus rau cov khoom siv - feem ntau 45 ° thiab ntau dua, qee zaus mus txog 60 lossis txawm 70 ° tuaj yeem pom.

Lub ru tsev steeper yuav, qhov loj dua qhov chaw ru tsev siv tau. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum lub ru tsev qhov siab nce, lub ru tsev ncov yuav loj dua thiab loj dua, uas nws tus kheej tsis tuaj yeem siv tau. Lub ru tsev pitches nyob rau hauv niaj hnub vaj tse feem ntau yog nruab nrab ntawm 25 thiab 35 °, yog li lub ru tsev tsis so ncaj qha rau ntawm lub qab nthab, tab sis nyob rau hauv ib feem ntawm phab ntsa mus txog ib 'meter' siab - lub hauv caug phab ntsa. Rau kev tsim lossis kev npaj hauv nroog, cov ru tsev uas muaj qhov siab dua lossis qis dua tseem siv tsis tu ncua.

Ru tsev suab
Ru tsev suab

Cov kev cai tshwj xeeb lossis cov xwm txheej hauv zos tuaj yeem ua rau lub ru tsev gable tsis raug tsim symmetrically. Piv txwv li, ntawm txoj kab nqes, lub ru tsev saum toj roob hauv pes tuaj yeem ua kom zoo nkauj txhawm rau muab cov phab ntsa hauv qab nrog qhov siab siv tau rau qhov rais thiab qhov rooj.

Cov qauv ntxiv thiab kev teeb tsa

Raws li yooj yim li lub ru tsev gable nws tus kheej tshwm, nws tuaj yeem nthuav lossis hloov tau ntau txoj hauv kev. Ntau lub ntsiab lus uas tam sim no yog ib feem tseem ceeb ntawm lub ru tsev toj roob hauv pes nthuav dav lossis txhim kho kev siv tau ntawm cov chav hauv lub ru tsev.

Lub hauv paus ntawm txhua qhov kev hloov pauv

Txawm hais tias lub ntsiab lus twg tau muab tso rau hauv lub ru tsev gable, nws yeej ib txwm nrog kev cuam tshuam hauv cov kabmob load-cov kabmob. Feem ntau, ntu ntawm ib lossis ntau lub rafters yuav tsum tau muab tshem tawm. Yuav kom tswj tau lub peev xwm load-bearing, ib qho kev hloov pauv yog ces muab tso rau. Hloov cov ntoo ua haujlwm sib hloov ntawm cov rafters txhawb kev txiav rafter thiab hloov nws cov khoom mus rau cov neeg nyob sib ze.

Roof windows

  • Tau qhov chaw nyob hauv lub ru tsev los ntawm kev teeb pom kev zoo thiab qhov cua
  • Muab qhov chaw ntxiv los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov rafter thiab rwb thaiv tsev pob hauv qab qhov rais nto
  • Hnub no txawm muaj hauv pem teb-rau-qab nthab thiab tuaj yeem tso rau ntawm lub sam thiaj me me
  • Cov duab zoo ib yam: folding, viav vias lossis viav vias viav vias qhov rais

Roof balconies

  • Txawm li cas los ntawm lub ru tsev, los yog raws li ib tug loggia nkag mus rau hauv lub ru tsev qhov chaw ua tau
  • Zoo heev, tsis yooj yim pom sab nraum zoov, vim lub ru tsev muaj kev tiv thaiv tus kheej zoo

Dormers

  • Tsim lub taub hau ntxiv hauv qhov chaw qab nthab
  • Tsim ntsug, yooj yim furnishable phab ntsa es tsis txhob sloping ceilings
  • Ntau yam qauv tsim tau, xws li gable ru tsev dormer, trailing dormer, tiaj tus dormer, thiab lwm yam.
  • zoo heev ua tsaug rau kev siv cov qhov rais façade ib txwm siv lub qhov rais ru tsev

Qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo

Tam sim no lub ru tsev gable muaj ntau yam zoo, qhov downside uas yog ib lossis ob qhov tsis zoo. Cov no yog cov rov tshwm sim:

Advantages

  • Simple construction
  • Yooj yim tsim vim kev tsim kho yooj yim thiab siv tau zoo ntawm cov ntaub ntawv
  • Versatile in design
  • Yuav tau yooj yim nthuav thiab hloov ua tsaug rau ntau ntxiv
  • Cov dej ntws zoo ua tsaug rau txoj kab nqes ntawm lub ru tsev, yog li tsis tshua muaj kev puas tsuaj rau cov txheej txheem tsis muaj zog
  • Sab hauv tuaj yeem hloov kho tau yooj yim los ntawm kev kho lub ru tsev suab

Disadvantages

  • Sloped ceilings nyuaj rau khoom
  • Thaum muaj cov ntsiab lus ntxiv, muaj qhov sib piv siab ntawm kev siv zog rau kev sib txuas thiab kev hloov pauv
  • Lub ru tsev ncov tsis tshua siv rau ntawm qhov chaw siab tshaj

Pom zoo: